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22 HOW TO TREAT: PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CVD IN TYPE 2 DIABETES

22 HOW TO TREAT: PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CVD IN TYPE 2 DIABETES

31 OCTOBER 2025 ausdoc. com. au
Reproduced with permission from the National Heart Foundation of Australia, citing the 2023 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator and Guideline © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia as represented by the Department of Health and Aged Care.
The following image is for general information and education purposes only. Cardiovascular Disease Risk assessment is a complex process that should only be done in consultation with and by, qualified health professionals. This image can only be accurately interpreted in the context of the full guideline, 2023 Cardiovascular Disease Risk Calculator and Guideline, available at https:// www. cvdcheck. org. au / overview. See the full guideline for more information.
Figure 3. Overview of CVD risk assessment and management.
for younger motivated patients, but generally this will require either
100 %
major lifestyle change, significant
weight loss and / or intensive pharmacotherapy. Although intrinsically beneficial in the long term, it is unclear if normalisation of glucose control( on its own) can also reduce CVD risk beyond standard of care.
Lipid-lowering therapy
Guidelines recommend that all
patients with T2DM at high CVD risk should be treated with high-intensity statin therapy at the highest dose tolerated by that individual
24, 25
( see table 1).
Treatment with high-intensity statins should be initiated in all patients with T2DM at high CVD risk regardless of their baseline blood lipid levels, as statins will reduce the relative CVD risk, in proportion to LDL cholesterol( LDL-C) lowering. Despite widespread misinformation, statins unequivocally remain the single most powerful strat-
Percentage of patients with type 2 diabetes(%)
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
40 %
30 %
20 %
10 %
Established CVD
Secondary prevention
Primary prevention
High or very high risk
Moderate risk
egy to lower CVD risk in patients with T2DM. 36 For example, in a meta-analysis of participants with
0 %
Low risk
T2DM without CVD, statins reduced the risk of MACE by 25 %( relative
Figure 4. Distribution of cardiovascular risk.