Geoffrey Parker (1988), The Spanish Armada (London:
Hamilton), pp. i–ii, 243.
Map 10: Adapted from Simon Martin and Nikolai Gribe
(2000), Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens:
Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya (London:
Thames and Hudson), p. 21.
Map 11: Map adapted from Mark A. Kishlansky, Patrick
Geary, and Patricia O’Brien (1991), Civilization in the
West (New York: HarperCollins Publishers), p. 151.
Map 12: Somali clan families adapted from Ioan M.
Lewis (2002), A Modern History of Somalia (Oxford:
James Currey), map of “Somali ethnic and clan-family
distribution 2002”; map of Aksum adapted from Kevin
Shillington (1995), History of Africa , 2nd edition (New York:
St. Martin’s Press), map 5.4, p. 69.
Map 13: J. R. Walton (1998), “Changing Patterns of
Trade and Interaction Since 1500,” in R. A. Butlin and R. A.
Dodgshon, eds., An Historical Geography of Europe
(Oxford: Oxford University Press), figure 15.2, p. 326.
Map 14: Adapted from Anthony Reid (1988), Southeast
Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680: Volume 1,
The Land Below the Winds (New Haven: Yale University
Press), map 2, p. 9.
Map 15: Drawn from data taken from Nathan Nunn
(2008), “The Long Term Effects of Africa’s Slave Trades,”
Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 1, 139–76.
Map 16: Maps based on the following maps: for South
Africa, A. J. Christopher (2001), The Atlas of Changing
South Africa (London: Routledge), figure 1.19, p. 31; for
Zimbabwe, Robin Palmer (1977), Land and Racial
Domination in Rhodesia (Berkeley: University of California
Press), map 5, p. 245.
Map 17: Adapted from Alexander Grab (2003),
Napoleon and the Transformation of Europe (London:
Palgrave Macmillan), map 1, p. 17; map 2, p. 91.
Map 18: Drawn using data from the 1840 U.S. Census,
downloadable at the National Historical Geographic
Information System: http://www.nhgis.org/.
Map 19: Drawn using data from the 1880 U.S. Census,
downloadable at the National Historical Geographic
Information System: http://www.nhgis.org/.