Our overview of the economic history of the Industrial
Revolution rests on Mantoux (1961), Daunton (1995), Allen
(2009a), and Mokyr (1990, 2009), who provide details on
the famous inventors and inventions we discuss. The story
about the Baldwyn family is from Bogart and Richardson
(2009, 2011), who stress the connection between the
Glorious Revolution, the reorganization of property rights,
and the construction of roads and canals. On the Calicoe
Acts and Manchester Acts, see O’Brien, Griffiths, and Hunt
(1991), which is the source of the quotes from the
legislation. On the dominance of new people in industry,
see Daunton (1995), chap. 7, and Crouzet (1985).
Our account of why the major institutional changes first
took place in England is based on Acemoglu, Johnson, and
Robinson (2005a) and Brenner (1976). The data on the
number of independent merchants and their political
preferences come from Zahedieh (2010).