then goes on to the second section of the field via a pressure gradient ( given that is first Kedari filled with water , which then moves to the next Kedari ). Passive diffusion through cell membranes is
28 , 30 , 32 explained by this mechanism .
Dysfunction Dysfunction of Kshiradadhinayaya in Ama and Sthaulya In the case of Ama formation the formed Ahara Rasa is coated with Ama , known as Sama Anna Rasa due to the fact that the subsequent Dhatus made from it , that is , Rasa , Rakta , Mamsa and MedaDhatu , are also coated with Ama and creates Sama Dhatus . In other words , it means the Ahara Rasa so formed will have the least nutritious properties and are unable to nourish the Dhatus .
Dysfunction of Khale Kapot Nayaya in Ama and Sthaulya Similarly the consecutive Dhatus that are formed are of the lowest nutritional quality and are high in Guru ( heavy ), Snigdha ( unctuous ) and similar properties because of the nature of food being consumed ( e . g . triglycerides , foods high in fats ). Therefore the Dhatus – Rasa , Rakta , Mamsa ( muscle tissue ), Meda ( adipose and related tissues ) - are unable to perform at their optimum . Since these properties are similar to Meda Dhatu , they are accumulated highest in this particular Dhatu , further leading to obesity . 33
Dysfunction of Kedarikulya Nyaya in Ama and Sthaulya However , in this situation , the Dhatus have been produced up to the point of Meda , but the nutrient pool is depleted , and the next Dhatu cannot pick up the essential attribute required for nourishment , and the Meda Dhatuagni has been transformed into Manda- Medadhatwagni , preventing further transformation .
Discussion
The mode of action and probable reason behind this process needs to be understood at the level of Rasa Dhatu and then Meda Dhatu .
AYURVEDA ' S CORE PRINCIPLE IS TO KEEP DOSHA ( BODILY HUMOURS OR ENERGY CENTRES ), DHATU ( LAYER , STRATUM , CONSTITUENT PART , INGREDIENT , ELEMENT , PRIMITIVE MATTER ) IN AYURVEDA , THE SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES ( ELEMENTS ) THAT SUPPORT THE BASIC STRUCTURE ( AND FUNCTIONING ) OF THE BODY , AND MALA ( WASTE PRODUCTS OF THE BODY ) IN BALANCE .
Rasa Dhatu can be compared to plasma To keep tissues ' antioxidant – prooxidant balance , intracellular antioxidant defences must be adequate . Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can also impair antioxidant defence in the pathogenesis of obesity . Plasma levels of a-tocopherol or b-carotene per unit of plasma low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) are well-known antioxidant protection biomarkers . Low levels of carotenoids , vitamin C , and vitamin E have been linked to obesity . 34 The CARDIA study found an inverse connection between BMI and total serum carotenoids ( a-carotene , b-carotene , a-cryptoxanthin , and zeaxanthin / lutein ). 35 Obese children had lower serum b-carotene levels than normal weight control children in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey . 36 , 37 In one study , obese girls had lower plasma levels of a-tocopherol / LDL and b-carotene / LDL than nonobese girls . 38 According to Aasheim and Bohmer , most obese patients have low vitamin levels , particularly of A , B6 , C , D , and E . Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with central fat distribution in the European Prospective Population Study ( EPIC ). 39 , 40 People with BMI > 50 had lower plasma levels of vitamin E / triglycerides than people with BMI 30 . Obese children , especially those with central obesity , had lower selenium and zinc levels . Obese people also have magnesium , selenium , iron , and zinc deficiency . 41 , 42 These findings imply that low vitamin and mineral concentrations in obese people promote reduced antioxidant defence . 43-44
Meda Dhatu can be correlated to white adipose tissue Plasma-free fatty acids rise in obesity , as does fat storage in the waist and hips . The mitochondrial electron transport chain generates O2 by blocking the translocation of adenine nucleotides . At that point the plasma free fatty acids levels are elevated . In cultured vascular cells , free fatty acids activate NADPH oxidase via protein Kinase C to produce reactive intermediates . 45 As the conjugated fatty acids come into contact with oxygen , they become sensitive to oxidation that causes the generation of free radicals and the accumulation of oxidative byproducts . Fats are more susceptible to oxidative alteration due to greater 4-hydroxynonenal concentrations per unit of intramuscular triglycerides in obese individuals . 46 Obese individuals may also have a larger target for reactive oxygen species oxidation because of the higher amounts of lipid molecules in their bodies . Excessive fat buildup in the waist and hips was found to enhance lipid per-oxidation within the waist and hips itself . 47- 50 A decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase , catalase , and glutathione peroxidase in the waist and hips was found in animal experiments to be linked to obesity . 51
Conclusion
Ama is the first and main culprit causing Sthualya . It is also clear that there is an imbalance between Ama formations and its removal or neutralisation in terms of free radicals . In this case free radical load is increased and antioxidant
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