RECENT RESEARCH
36 % of the studies were conducted in the Western countries ( USA , Netherlands , Canada and Mexico ). Lifestyle medicine and integrated naturopathy were shown to be the commonly used whole-medical systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus management . Significant improvements in type 2 diabetes parameters , medication use , other symptoms , and overall feeling of wellness were observed in all studies . This review study revealed limited utilization and / or documentation of whole-medical systems or holistic care treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus in regions of the world other than eastern countries . Lifestyle medicine , naturopathy , yoga , Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine were shown to be effective for type 2 diabetes mellitus , either as an alternative or as a complementary therapy .
Herbal medicine
Li N , Liang Y , Zhang L , Xu C , Wang L . Neolignans in Magnolia officinalis as natural anti-Alzheimer ’ s disease agents : A systematic review . Ageing Research Reviews . 2024 ; 99 : 102398 . Doi : 10.1016 / j . arr . 2024.102398 .
Background : Magnolia officinalis , a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice , exerts antibacterial , anti-tumor , anti-inflammatory , antioxidant , and anti-aging activities . Neolignans are the main active ingredients of M . officinalis and exert a wide range of pharmacological effects , including anti-Alzheimer ' s disease ( AD ) activity .
Objective : To summarize the published data on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of neolignans on AD in vivo and in vitro .
Methods : PubMed , Web of Science , Google Scholar , and Scopus were systematically reviewed ( up to March 1 , 2024 ) for pre-clinical studies .
Results : M . officinalis-derived neolignans ( honokiol , magnolol , 4-O-methylhonokiol , and obovatol ) alleviated behavioral abnormalities , including learning and cognitive impairments , in AD animal models . Mechanistically , neolignans inhibited Aβ generation or aggregation , neuroinflammation , and acetylcholinesterase activity ; promoted microglial phagocytosis and anti-oxidative stress ; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism , as well as anti-cholinergic deficiency ; and regulated intestinal flora . Furthermore , neolignans may achieve neuroprotection by regulating different molecular pathways , including the NFκB , ERK , AMPK / mTOR / ULK1 , and cAMP / PKA / CREB pathways .
Conclusions : Neolignans exert anti-AD effects through multiple mechanisms and pathways . However , the exact targets , pharmacokinetics , safety , and clinical efficacy in patients with AD need further investigation in multicenter clinical case-control studies .
Li Z , Li Y , Liu C , Gu Y , Han G . Research progress of the mechanisms and applications of ginsenosides in promoting bone formation . Phytomedicine . 2024 ; 129 : 155604 . https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . phymed . 2024.155604
Background : Bone deficiency-related diseases caused by various factors have disrupted the normal function of the skeleton and imposed a heavy burden globally , urgently requiring potential new treatments . The multi-faceted role of compounds like ginsenosides and their interaction with the bone microenvironment , particularly osteoblasts can promote bone formation and exhibit anti-inflammatory , vascular remodeling , and antibacterial properties , holding potential value in the treatment of bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering .
Purpose : This review summarizes the interaction between ginsenosides and osteoblasts and the bone microenvironment in bone formation , including vascular remodeling and immune regulation , as well as their therapeutic potential and toxicity in the broad treatment applications of bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering , to provide novel insights and treatment strategies .
Methods : The literature focusing on the mechanisms and applications of ginsenosides in promoting bone formation before March 2024 was searched in PubMed , Web of Science , Google Scholar , Scopus , and Science Direct databases . Keywords such as " phytochemicals ", " ginsenosides ", " biomaterials ", " bone ", " diseases ", " bone formation ", " microenvironment ", " bone tissue engineering ", " rheumatoid arthritis ", " periodontitis ", " osteoarthritis ", " osteoporosis ", " fracture ", " toxicology ", " pharmacology ", and combinations of these keywords were used .
Results : Ginsenoside monomers regulate signaling pathways such as WNT / β- catenin , FGF , and BMP / TGF-β , stimulating osteoblast generation and differentiation . It exerts angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the bone surrounding microenvironment through signaling such as WNT / β- catenin , NF-κB , MAPK , PI3K / Akt , and Notch . It shows therapeutic effects and biological safety in the treatment of bone deficiency-related diseases , including rheumatoid arthritis , osteoarthritis , periodontitis , osteoporosis , and fractures , and bone tissue engineering by promoting osteogenesis and improving the microenvironment of bone formation .
Conclusion : The functions of ginsenosides are diverse and promising in treating bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering . Moreover , potential exists in regulating the bone microenvironment , modifying biomaterials , and treating inflammatoryrelated bone diseases and dental material applications . However , the mechanisms and effects of some ginsenoside monomers are still unclear , and the lack of clinical research limits their clinical application . Further exploration and evaluation of the potential of ginsenosides in these areas are expected to provide more effective methods for treating bone defects .
Jin X , Wang Z , Ma J , Liu C , Bai X , Lan Y . Electronic eye and electronic tongue data fusion combined with a GETNet model for
178 | vol30 | no3 | JATMS