RECENT RESEARCH
Nutrition
Al-Kuraishy HM , Al-Gareeb AI , Batiha GE-S . The possible role of ursolic acid in Covid-19 : A real game changer . Clin Nutr ESPEN . 2022 ; 47:414-417 . doi : 10.1016 / j . clnesp . 2021.12.030
Ursolic acid ( UA ) is a pentacyclic terpenoid is usually found in the fruit peels and stem bark as secondary metabolites . UA has antiviral , antibacterial , and antiparasitic properties . UA has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities against different infections . Because of the greatest antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties of UA , so it could be a plausible therapeutic herbal medicine in Covid-19 treatment . Covid-19 is a recent worldwide virulent disease pandemic due to severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ). The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is related to the direct cytopathic effect and exaggerated immune response by which acute lung injury ( ALI ) and / or acute respiratory distress syndrome might be developed in critical cases . UA may inhibit main protease of SARS-CoV-2 , and inhibits the interface flanked by SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and its entry point commonly recognized as angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ). In addition , UA attenuates SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress . Therefore , UA could avert SARS- CoV-2 infection from causing ALI . This opinion proposed that UA might be a potential candidate therapy against Covid-19 and can mitigate post-Covid-19 complications such as lung fibrosis . In this regards , forthcoming studies are reasonable to substantiate the therapeutic role of UA in Covid-19 . However , taken into account that Covid-19 is yet to be investigating for further evaluations , therefore , clinical trials are recommended regarding use and dose of UA in Covid-19 treatment , as well as secondary effects .
Raveendran AV , Misra A . Post COVID-19 Syndrome (" Long COVID ") and Diabetes : Challenges in Diagnosis and Management . Diabetes Metab Syndr . 2021 ; 15 ( 5 ): 102235 . doi : 10.1016 / j . dsx . 2021.102235
Background and aims : Post Covid-19 syndrome ( PCS ) is a major cause of morbidity . In this article we intend to review the association and consequences of PCS and diabetes .
Methods : We reviewed all studies on " Long Covid ", " Post COVID-19 Syndrome " and diabetes in PubMed and Google Scholar .
Results : The symptoms of PCS can be due to organ dysfunction , effects of hospitalisation and drugs , or unrelated to these . Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a bidirectional relationship with COVID-19 . Presence of diabetes also influences PCS via various pathophysiological mechanisms . COVID-19 can add to or exacerbate tachycardia , sarcopenia ( and muscle fatigue ), and microvascular dysfunction ( and organ damage ) in patients with diabetes .
Conclusion : PCS in patients with diabetes could be detrimental in multiple ways . Strict control of diabetes and other comorbidities , supervised rehabilitation and physical exercise , and optimal nutrition could help in reducing and managing PCS .
Piotrowicz K , Gąsowski J , Michel J-P , Veronese N . Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia : physiopathology and management . Aging Clin Exp Res . 2021 ; 33 ( 10 ): 2887-2898 . doi : 10.1007 / s40520-021-01942-8
In this review , we discuss the pathophysiologic and management aspects of acute sarcopenia in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection . COVID-19 is as a multi-organ infectious disease characterized by a severe inflammatory and highly catabolic status , influencing the deep changes in the body build , especially the amount , structure , and function of skeletal muscles which would amount to acutely developed sarcopenia . Acute sarcopenia may largely impact patients ' in-hospital prognosis as well as the vulnerability to the post- COVID-19 functional and physical deterioration . The individual outcome of the COVID-19 and the degree of muscle mass and functional loss may be influenced by multiple factors , including the patient ' s general pre-infection medical and functional condition , especially in older adults . This paper gathers the information about how the SARS- CoV-2 hyper-inflammatory involvement exacerbates the immunosenescence process , enhances the endothelial damage , and due to mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy , induces myofibrillar breakdown and muscle degradation . The aftermath of these acute and complex immunological SARS-CoV- 2-related phenomena , augmented by anosmia , ageusia and altered microbiota may lead to decreased food intake and exacerbated catabolism . Moreover , the imposed physical inactivity , lock-down , quarantine or acute hospitalization with bedrest would intensify the acute sarcopenia process . All these deleterious mechanisms must be swiftly put to a check by a multidisciplinary approach including nutritional support , early physical as well cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation , and psychological support and cognitive training . The proposed holistic and early management of COVID-19 patients appears essential to minimize the disastrous functional outcomes of this disease and allow avoiding the long COVID-19 syndrome .
Yoga therapy
Yang H-J , Setou N , Koh E . Utilization of Mind- Body Intervention for Integrative Health Care of COVID-19 Patients and Survivors . Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2022 ; 19 ( 11 ): 6618 . doi : 10.3390 / ijerph19116618 .
Recent findings suggest a correlation between COVID-19 and diabetes , although the underlying causes are still little understood . COVID-19 infection tends to induce severe symptoms in patients with underlying diabetes , increasing their mortality rate . Moreover , COVID-19 itself appears to be a diabetogenic factor . In addition , mental health conditions , such as depression due to lockdown and anxiety about infection , were found to affect glycemic control and immunity , highlighting the importance of mental health care during the pandemic .
166 | vol28 | no3 | JATMS