ATMS Journal Spring 2021 (Public)

ARTICLE

Magnesium plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems . The musculoskeletal functions of magnesium include relaxation of smooth muscle , ¹² normal muscle function , ⁷ ^, ¹¹ muscle contraction , ⁴ ^, ^6-8 muscle relaxation , ⁸ bone strength , ¹¹ bone metabolism , ⁴ bone mineralisation , ⁸ bone mineral density , ⁴ and bone integrity . ⁷ The nervous system functions of magnesium include nerve function , ⁶ ^, ⁷ ^, ¹¹ neurotransmission , ⁴ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ ^, ¹¹ neuromuscular transmission , ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ ^, ¹⁰ neurotransmitter release , ⁸ and neurotransmitters . ¹¹

Magnesium plays a major role in cardiometabolic health . The cardiometabolic functions of magnesium include blood pressure regulation , ⁴ ^, ^6-8 heart rhythm , ¹⁰ ^, ¹¹ cardiac excitability , ⁴ ^, ^6-8 vascular tone , ⁸ vasomotor tone , ⁴ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ ^, ¹⁰ endothelial function , ⁶ blood glucose regulation , ⁶ ^, ⁷ nitric oxide metabolism , ¹¹ insulin metabolism , ⁴ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptors , ⁸ lipid metabolism , ⁷ and parathyroid hormone metabolism . ¹⁰ Research has found that magnesium intake has been inversely associated with fasting glucose and insulin . ⁶

Deficiency signs and symptoms of magnesium

A deficiency of magnesium has been

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associated with muscle spasms , muscle cramping , ⁴ ^, ⁸ ^, ¹⁰ ^, ¹¹ muscle

Magnesium plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems .

twitches , ¹⁰ tremors , ⁶ ^, ⁸ muscle weakness , ¹⁰

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neuromuscular hyperexcitability , numbness , tingling , ⁴ ^, ¹¹ nervousness , ⁸ ^, ¹¹ neuromuscular weakness , ⁶ weakness , ⁴ ^, ⁸ fatigue , ⁸ anxiety , ⁵ ^, ⁸ ^, ¹⁰ apathy , depression , agitation , ⁸ ^, ¹⁰ irritability , ⁸ and decreased gut motility . ¹⁰ Additionally , magnesium deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular diseases , ⁵ ^, ¹⁵ altered glucose homeostasis , ¹⁴ metabolic syndrome , ⁸ type 2 diabetes , ⁵ ^, ¹⁵ elevated blood pressure , ⁵ ^, ¹⁰ ^, ¹⁴ ^, ¹⁵ cardiac arrhythmias , ¹³ ^, ¹⁴ atherosclerotic vascular disease , ¹⁴ osteoporosis ⁸ ^, ¹⁵ and inflammation in chronic disease . ¹⁶ Low magnesium levels have been associated with a number of chronic and inflammatory diseases , ⁸ headaches , ¹¹ cluster headaches , ⁴ migraines , ⁴ ^, ⁷ ^, ¹¹ and menstrual migraine . ⁴ Research indicates that magnesium intake may have an inverse relationship with endometriosis risk . ¹²

Conclusion

Magnesium has a wide range of applications from DNA and the cellular level up to body systems . It is a multipurpose mineral with unlimited potential that is a centrepiece for health professionals and clinical practice .

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