Sugar-sweetened beverages have been found to increase weight gain through the addition of liquid calories to the diet , via hyperinsulinaemia induced by the rapid absorption of sugars ( e . g . glucose ), and possibly from the activation of the dopaminergic reward system . 13 Sugar-sweetened beverages contribute to chronic disease risk through weight gain , through development of risk factors precipitated by adverse glycaemic effects and through hepatic metabolism of excess fructose from sugars in sugarsweetened beverages . 13 Research suggests that decreasing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesityrelated chronic diseases . 33
Sugar-sweetened beverages , dietary glycaemic load , and insulin response
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have a high dietary glycaemic load and insulin responses . 23 The glycaemic index quantifies the glycaemic response to carbohydrates in different foods . 24 The glycaemic load of a food or beverage is the mathematical result of the glycaemic index of the food or beverage and quantity ( weight ) of carbohydrates ingested . 24 , 34 Foods and beverages with a high-glycaemic index , such as potatoes , white bread , white rice , low-fibre breakfast cereals , sweets , desserts , and sugar-sweetened beverages , have been linked to cardiovascular disease , 24 type 2 diabetes , 24 procoagulant activity , 25 oxidative stress , 25 inflammation , 25 low-density lipoprotein oxidation , 25 and weight gain . 35 Research shows an association between a high glycaemic load diet and the presence of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents . 36 Postprandial hyperglycaemia is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease . Hyperglycaemia may adversely affect the structure and function of the vascular system via multiple mechanisms , including procoagulant activity , oxidative stress , inflammation , low-density lipoprotein oxidation , and protein glycation . 25
Conclusion
Sugar-sweetened beverages are beverages that contain any form of added sugars , such as soft drinks . Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have adverse effects on health . Some of these adverse effects include type 2 diabetes , cardiovascular disease , nonalcoholic liver disease , dental caries , weight gain , and obesity . More research is needed to investigate the broader implications and mechanisms of action of the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages on health and to investigate the impact and effects of reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages .
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