RECENT RESEARCH
the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell dysfunction ( HOMA-B ), as well as apolipoprotein A-I ( ApoA1 ) and apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) were measured .
Results : There was a significant decrease in the serum levels of insulin in AG and EG groups ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.001 , respectively ), HOMA-IR ( P = 0.01 and P = 0.001 , respectively ), HOMA-B ( P = 0.002 and P = 0.001 , respectively ), ApoB ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.03 , respectively ), ApoB / ApoA1 ratio ( P = 0.016 and P = 0.04 , respectively ). However , a significant increase in ApoA1 ( P = 0.08 and P = 0.05 , respectively ) with no significant changes in blood glucose , at the end of study compared to beginning values , were observed . None of the variables showed a significant change in PG . At the end of the study ; while there were significant differences in insulin ( P = 0.04 ), HOMA-IR ( P = 0.03 ), HOMA-B ( P = 0.01 ), ApoB ( P = 0.02 ), and ApoB / ApoA1 ratio ( P = 0.03 ) among the groups but ApoA1 had no significant change .
Conclusion : Consumption of R . ribes intake could have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and apolipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients . ( Registered at en . irct . ir , identification number : IRCT201410142709N31 ).
Crawford C , Boyd C . Avula B , Wang Y-H , Khan IA , Deuster PA . A Public Health Issue : Dietary Supplements Promoted for Brain Health and Cognitive Performance . The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine . 2023 ; 26 ( 4 ). https :// doi . org / 10.1089 / acm . 2019.0447
Background : Dietary supplements targeting brain health have quickly emerged in the marketplace as cognitive performance becomes an important public health issue . While manufacturers are required to report the exact ingredients and formulations listed on the Supplement Facts labels of products , many reports have indicated such labels are not always truthful , and the content of some products is inconsistent with the ingredients listed on the Supplement Facts label .
Objectives : To identify dietary supplement products and ingredients marketed for brain health and cognitive performance and perform analyses of select products to verify whether purported claims are truthful and product labels accurate .
Design : A scoping review was performed to identify products and ingredients . Products were selected for content analysis , investigated for scientific-sounding claims made , and assessed using an educational tool for potential red flags when reading Supplement Facts labels .
Results : Twelve products were selected from the 650 products being marketed for brain health and queried about by Service Members . Eight ( 67 %) had at least one ingredient listed on the Supplement Facts label not detected through analysis . Compounds not reported on the label were detected in 10 ( 83 %) products . Scientificsounding claims made are not supported by science and red flags are presented .
Conclusions : There are dietary supplements targeting brain health being marketed to consumers that should be considered adulterated and misbranded . Advertisements and product labels may be deceiving and could put the public at risk . Education is required so that the public can recognize red flags while the U . S . Food and Drug Administration works to “ modernize ” the current regulations for dietary supplements .
Yoga
Streeter CC , Gerbarg PL , Brown RP , Scott TM , Nielsen GH , Owen L , … Silveri MM . Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major Depressive Disorder After a 12- Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing Intervention . The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine . 2023 ; 26 ( 3 ). https :// doi . org / 10.1089 / acm . 2019.0234
Objective : To determine if a 12-week yoga intervention ( YI ) was associated with increased gamma aminobutyric acid ( GABA ) levels and decreased depressive symptoms in participants with major depressive disorder ( MDD ).
Methods : Subjects were randomized to a high-dose group ( HDG ) of three YIs a week and a low-dose group ( LDG ) of two YIs a week . Thalamic GABA levels were obtained using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at Scan-1 before randomization . After the assigned 12-week intervention , Scan-2 was obtained , immediately followed by a YI and Scan-3 . Beck Depression Inventory II ( BDI-II ) scores were obtained before Scan-1 and Scan-3 .
Settings / Location : Screenings and interventions occurred at the Boston University Medical Center . Imaging occurred at McLean Hospital .
Subjects : Subjects met criteria for MDD .
Intervention : Ninety minutes of Iyengar yoga and coherent breathing at five breaths per minute plus homework .
Outcome measures : GABA levels and the BDI-II .
Results : BDI-II scores improved significantly in both groups . GABA levels from Scan-1 to Scan-3 and from Scan-2 to Scan-3 were significantly increased in the LDG ( n = 15 ) and showed a trend in the total cohort . Post hoc , participants were divided into two groups based on having an increase in GABA levels at Scan-2 . Increases in Scan-2 GABA levels were observed in participants whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 3.93 ± 2.92 standard deviation ( SD ) days , but not in those whose mean time between their last YI and Scan-2 was 7.83 ± 6.88 SD .
Conclusions : This study tentatively supports the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms through which yoga improves mood is by increasing the activity of the GABA system . The observed increase in GABA levels following a YI that was no longer observed 8 days after a YI suggests that the associated increase in GABA after a YI is time limited such that at least one YI a week may be necessary to maintain the elevated GABA levels .
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