In the next age , consequences of these truths will be unveiled to an extent not now to be conceived but of the greatest importance in the healing art : in the meantime , what is here proposed will furnish some direction to a sagacious searcher into the seat and nature of internal diseases .( 6 , p . 2315 )
It would be another hundred and fifty years before this insight into the relationship between the nervous system and the ' nature of internal diseases ' was understood and most fully articulated by Selye . More about him shortly .
In 1898 , Langley introduced the term autonomic nervous system ( ANS ) which he saw as a more accurate term than the one that was in use at the time , the visceral nervous system . The term autonomic implies a certain amount of autonomy while yet under the influence of a higher power – in Greek ' auto ' denotes self and ' nomos ', higher law . Of course , this is the term we continue to use today and it accurately describes the relationship by which the higher centres in the brain influence the function of the non-somatic nerves in the periphery . Langley also coined the terms sympathetic and parasympathetic and observed that these two systems produce opposing effects in the digestive tract , heart , vasculature and lungs .
According to many stress researchers , as well as historians , modern biological formulations of stress can be traced back to Hans Selye and an article written in 1939 , where he speculated that there was a characteristic triphasic , or three stage , pattern of nonspecific physiological responses to injury that he termed the General Adaptation Syndrome , or Selye ’ s Syndrome .( 7 ) The three stages he postulated were an initial alarm phase , followed by a stage of resistance or adaptation , then , where the stress was unrelenting or additional stresses were added that overwhelmed the adaptation response , exhaustion and death . He defined this adaption syndrome as the ' the sum of all nonspecific , systemic reactions of the body which ensue upon long continued exposure to stress '. Selye ’ s emphasis was largely on the adrenocortical mediation of the stress response and he made only modest contributions to understanding the role of ANS in his proposed process of adaptation . His research on adaptation and stress was reported in national newspapers , magazines , and clinical journals across the world . Time magazine , for example , ran a number of cover stories on the multiple manifestations of stress in the lives of contemporary Americans , often focusing on Selye ’ s theories .( 8 )
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