ARRC Journal 2018 | Page 34

ARRC JOURNAL Sherman Tank in Bastogne city centre being the Recogne German cemetery near Bastogne and the commonwealth cemetery in Hotton. As well as the historical aspects, short remembrance ceremonies were held at each. Paying respects to the fallen is an extremely important aspect of any staff ride; it allows SIEGFRIED Line near Hollorath (Day 1) the participants time to reflect on the sacrifices made by the men and women of many Nationalities, but also to hoist aboard the concept that the planning of tactical land actions has consequences for those who have to execute the plans. Additionally, the participants learned some of the historical and cultural aspects and theory behind the layout and design of cemeteries from the various countries involved. Day two saw the study begin in earnest, beginning with an overview of the Eifel region, near Hollerath in Germany, where the participants were able to view 34 ALLIED RAPID REACTION CORPS the terrain in which the Germans built up their forces. Following this, participants move on to the Elsenborn Ridge and considered the importance of the Allies successful defence of this vital ground; forcing the Germans to significantly change their planned Scheme of Manouevre (SOM); before finishing in Spa outside Hotel Britanique, which had been used by General Hodges’ HQ 1st US Army. The main themes considered during the day included the importance of Joint Fires, the Sustainment of the force, considerations of how the modern Law of Armed Conflict might have changed aspects of the planning and conduct of the operation, and the role played by Command and Leadership on both sides. With the generational improvements in technologies and the vast sophistication of Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities, namely satellite imagery and unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs), it was concluded that it would have been impossible for the Germans to have kept their build-up a secret today. Along those same lines, in today’s congested battlespace it is extremely important to synchronise and de-conflict effects (lethal and non-lethal), and it was useful for a comparison of the use of long range fires during WWII to today’s firepower, and the modern day targeting process. A discussion on the German build-up and a look at the required sustainment challenges (fuel in particular) demonstrated some of the risks Hitler accepted and the attempts to mitigate those risks during the operation. In a multinational environment as today, risk acceptance becomes more and more of a challenge for a Corps Commander, but without risk taking, our own actions will be very much more predictable. Day three focussed on the tactical actions of the battle and included visits to battlefields at Stavelot, La Gleize, Houffalize and Noville, south of Bastogne. Even today, just travelling between the various locations provided incredible insight into the difficulties faced by both the attacking Germans and the defending Allies. The topics considered included the challenges of manoeuvre, the conduct of Obstacle and River Crossings, management of the battlespace and the coordination of Division activities, and the role of risk management. All were compared to the planning of our warfighting exercise ARRCADE FUSION 17 later that year. It was important to discuss coordination of Division activities as HQ ARRC is in the midst of a Corps recalibration, after several years of operating at the Operational/ Joint level. In terms of