Arizona Contractor & Community Winter 2015 V4 I4 | Página 62

Building the Dream: Tucson’s Postwar Housing Boom Carlos Lozano M ore people flocked to Tucson in the 1950’s than to Oklahoma in the Land Rush of 1889. They came here to live the American Dream: a big new car with tail fins, a job in the Cold War defense industry, a “Leave it to Beaver” family, and of course, a ranch house in the suburbs. The 50’s Dream Home was turned into reality by a postwar “army” of builders popularizing new techniques that are still used to this day. THE BOOM The economic boom following the Great Depression and World War II affected every aspect of culture including the birth rate. But Tucson’s population was exploding far beyond the “baby boom.” Americans were migrating into the Sunbelt and Arizona was a favorite destination, surpassed only by California. From 1950 to 1960, Tucson’s population grew an astonishing 368 percent, 57 percent faster than Phoenix. AUTOPIA The suburban dream was an Autopia, made possible by stylish, affordable cars and cheap gas. After World War II, Tucson began an aggressive annexation campaign that nearly quadrupled its area by 1960. Most of the growth spread eastward, along wide thoroughfares. Sprawl created a commuter culture served by businesses catering exclusively to drivers. Drive in, drive up, and drive through concepts were applied to restaurants, theaters, dry cleaners, branch banks, and liquor stores. Tucson even had a drive-in church. Consumers drove to the new supermarkets, shopping centers and malls that were rapidly replacing the downtown pedestrian shopping experience. Developers included space for churches, schools, and shopping centers, but not sidewalks. CHOOSING A DREAM Income generally determined location. The first affluent subdivisions were located just east of the University of Arizona. These were popular with faculty and other professionals who did not want to commute long distances. Image courtesy of author Carlos Lozano Sixty two Left: Skyline Country Club Estates. Top right: Craycroft Village cartoon. Right: New Pueblo Constructors at Orange Grove Manner housing development, 1961. Winter 2015