strategy using airflow direction to protect staff and patients from contamination .
• New technology is being introduced daily to combat the number of HAIs . UV-C light integration helps inactivate pathogens , smart sensors provide real-time air quality monitoring , and advanced filtration media , such as Electrospun nanofiber filters or antimicrobial nanocoatings , offer improved filtration efficiency . Numerous studies have supported these methods and are integral to designing spaces that prioritise patient and staff safety .
Design Decisions : New Builds and Retrofitting When constructing new healthcare facilities or retrofitting existing ones , building services engineers ’ involvement from the early conceptual stages is crucial . By integrating infection control measures into the initial design , we can significantly reduce the risk of HAIs , enhance operational efficiency , and lower costs in the long run .
• New builds : Involving engineers early allows for incorporating advanced ventilation systems , optimal layout designs and materials that are easier to clean and maintain .
• Retrofitting : Engineers can identify and address existing vulnerabilities in older buildings , implementing modern solutions without extensive disruptions . Early collaboration between architects , healthcare providers , and engineers ensures that infection control is a foundational element of the facility ’ s design rather than an afterthought .
Isolation Rooms : Switchable vs . Non-switchable The decision between switchable and non-switchable isolation rooms is another critical aspect of infection control .
• Switchable isolation rooms can be converted between positive and negative pressure environments , offering flexibility and efficient use of space to respond to different infection control needs .
• Non-switchable isolation rooms are permanently set to either positive or negative pressure offering a simpler approach in terms of operation and maintenance . ASHRAE standards , particularly Standard 170 , generally favour this approach .
The reasoning is based on the potential for human error , the complexity of maintaining and operating switchable systems , and the need for rigorous controls to ensure that the rooms operate correctly in their intended modes . The very real risk is apparent when the room is switched from negative to positive and an immunocompromised patient is placed in it . For this to occur safely , the entire room , as well as all services such as air conditioning ducts and air grills , needs to be sterilised to ensure patient safety .
Each approach has benefits and limitations , and the choice should be informed by the healthcare facility ’ s specific needs and capabilities . By understanding these options , stakeholders can make better-informed decisions that align with their infection control strategies .
End-user Education : Empowering Healthcare Personnel Finally , it is vital to underscore the role of education in combating HAIs . With healthcare-associated infections ( HAIs ) presenting a significant challenge in South Africa , with prevalence rates ranging from 7.6 % to 13.5 % among hospitalised patients .
Providing healthcare personnel with the appropriate tools and knowledge of engineering and administrative controls is essential for effective infection prevention . Training on using ventilation systems , proper cleaning protocols and the importance of maintaining a sterile environment can significantly reduce infection rates .
Final Thoughts The fight against healthcare-associated infections is multifaceted and requires a concerted effort from various stakeholders . By leveraging ventilation techniques , informed design decision-making , understanding the nuances of clinical room layout configurations , and emphasising end-user education , we can significantly reduce the incidence of HAIs .
At LCE , we are committed to providing our clients with actionable insights and practical solutions , contributing to safer healthcare environments . Together , we can substantially impact patient safety and healthcare quality .
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