Aquila Children's Magazine aquila-mathsInNature-0517 | Page 10

Fun with maths FLAMBOYANT FIBONACCI Everyone knows that nature is beautiful, but have you ever noticed that some of its greatest beauty is based in maths? Have you ever looked at the patterns made by the bracts of a pine cone, or the seeds of a sunflower? Try taking a slice of banana and counting the segments in a cross-section, or looking closely at the number of petals on a rose. They may seem random but the numbers are related. ‘How?’ I hear you cry! Well . . . they are often arranged in accordance with the Fibonacci sequence. FIBONACCI SEQUENCE In the Fibonacci sequence each new number (after the first two) is the sum of the two before. So, after 1 and 1: ● the next number is 2 (1 + 1) ● then 3 (2 + 1) ● then 5 (3 + 2) and so on. The numbers continue like this: 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377 . . . The sequence is named after an Italian mathematician named Leonardo de Pisa, (Fibonacci was his nickname, it translates to Son of Bonacci), who published it in his book Liber Abaci in 1202. While investigating rabbit breeding of all things, Fibonacci discovered this number sequence and found that it adhered to the Golden Ratio (see pp 14-15), known in mathematics as phi or (ϕ) – 1.618. If you divide any number in the Fibonnaci sequence by the one before it, you’ll get close to phi every time. 10 SUPER SMASHIN’ SPIRALS In mathematics, spirals are curves that emanate from a point and move farther out from that point as it revolves away. In an Archimedean spiral, for example, the distances remain constant, whereas in a logarithmic spiral, including the Fibonacci spiral, distances increase in sequences known as ‘geometric progression’. ’. We find a lot of logarithmic spirals in the natural world.