3.6.1 . Bridges and their construction |
20 |
3.6.1.1 . General data and characteristics of bridges and related problems |
20 |
3.6.1.2 . Types of bridges |
22 |
3.6.1.3 . Design of bridges |
27 |
3.6.1.4 . Technologies for construction and assembly of bridges |
30 |
1 . Technologies for monolithic construction of bridges |
30 |
1.1 . General |
31 |
1.2 . Cantilever concreting |
31 |
1.3 . Movable formwork |
32 |
2 . Technologies for bridge assembly |
32 |
2.1 . General statements |
32 |
2.2 . Assembly by crane on the terrain |
32 |
2.3 . Cantilever assembly by crane |
33 |
2.4 . Longitudinal launching |
35 |
2.5 . Span-by-span assembly |
35 |
2.6 . Assembly with prefabricated auxiliary systems |
35 |
3 . Modular systems |
35 |
4 . Additional applications of cantilever bridge construction |
36 |
5 . Sequence of cantilever construction |
37 |
3.6.2 . Regulatory base and main requirements for bridge construction |
39 |
3.6.3 . TYPE AND SCOPE OF GEODETIC WORKS IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION 41 | |
3.6.3.1 . General on geodetic works |
41 |
3.6.3.2 . Geodetic and topographic works related to preliminary studies and design of bridges | |
and other relevant studies |
42 |
1 . Topographic and geodetic base for bridge design |
42 |
1.1 . Principle statements |
42 |
1.2 . Type of the geodetic reference networks |
43 |
1.3 . Specific geodetic part in bridge design |
44 |
2 . Other studies |
46 |
3 . Specific solutions in the feasibility studies and design of large bridges in Bulgaria 47 | |
3.1 . Solutions for Danube Bridge 2 , Vidin – Calafat |
47 |
3.1.1 . General data about Danube Bridge 2 and the related geodetic works |
47 |
3.1.1.1 . Danube Bridge 2 |
47 |
3.1.1.2 . General on the geodetic works related to this stage of bridge construction |
49 |
3.1.2 . Preliminary studies and provision of geodetic and cartographic information , | |
information about the natural , infrastructural and other conditions for bridge design 52 | |
3.1.2.1 . General statements |
52 |
3.1.2.2 . Geodetic reference networks for collecting information , design and | |
construction , assembly and operation of Danube Bridge 2 and their | |
evaluation |
54 |
3.1.2.3 . Analysis of the initial geodetic surfaces , coordinate and height systems . | |
Problems and solutions |
54 |
1 . Preliminary information |
54 |
2 . Connecting , integrated GNSS and angular distance networks , respectively | |
height networks , on the Bulgarian and Romanian banks |
55 |
2.1 . DGPS measurements . Methodology |
55 |