The problems of the scope , essence and fields of Applied Geodesy and object of Engineering Geodesy were systematized and summarized when presenting Applied Geodesy in [ 6 ], as well as in the work “ Milev G ., I . Milev . Applied and Engineering Geodesy . S . USLMB . G , C , LM . 2017 , 1-2 . 3-13 ”. In fact , the exposition on Part 1 . Applied Geodesy – Engineering Geodesy , is completed with the end of section 13 of [ 5 ]. This makes possible the analysis and comparison of the position , principles and approach in the generalization , systematization , structuring , content and statement of the problems of Engineering Geodesy and their place in the relevant specialized literature . And at the same time to specify , precise and clarify these problems . Unfortunately , all this is missing in the specialized world literature in this area .
The origin of geodesy , as explained in its history , is associated with economic activities in Egypt [ 28 ], [ 18 ]. Further on this continued with the emergence , at a much later stage , of Engineering Geodesy – summarizing the geodetic works in this field . It was mainly related with construction , with building larger objects , when it was necessary to provide their planar and at a later stage – spatial geometry [ 9 ]. Along with the mass scale of the activities for construction and operation of the engineering objects and facilities and spatial planning , and together with the development of geodesy , the volume , nature , requirements , accuracy change , the methods and technologies advance , and Engineering Geodesy develops ( including the software ) and is increasingly integrated , becoming an indivisible element at all stages of construction and operation of the engineering objects and complexes of them .
It is also necessary to emphasize that an impetus of the literature differentiation and evidencing of Engineering Geodesy are first observed in the former Soviet Union . Then this was transferred to the former socialist countries , including DDR , and in consequence to United Germany , where it acquired enormous development . Engineering Geodesy was also introduced as an organizational unit in the international organizations – FIG ( International Federation of Surveyors , 1958 ) and later in IAG ( International Association of Geodesy ).
The development of science and practice set new problems to be faced by Geodesy – Applied Geodesy , related to a new type of unusual for geodesy objects ( colliders-accelerators , machine engineering , missiles and navigation , medicine , etc .) and activities . Many of them are unique , not traditionally mass objects , but with specific requirements in some cases ( e . g . accuracy , parts of mm ), so that it is necessary to solve unique geodetic problems , going beyond the frames of the usual Engineering and Natural Scientific aspects of Applied Geodesy . Moreover , the development and integration of new physical , geodetic devices , instruments , systems , equipment , technologies , software , etc ., become necessary , which are not based on conventional geodetic , but on other principles , some emerging recently at the modern stage . The should be included in Part 3 of Applied Geodesy .
Some of the objects and activities , however , are not principally identified with these of traditional mass Engineering Geodesy but they have an engineering nature . Such are , for example , the problems related to machine engineering , automotive industry , aircraft and ship building , robotics , etc . Therefore , they should be referred to Engineering Geodesy . To avoid confusion with the already defined mass – traditional , Engineering Geodesy , the above problems should be differentiated in a separate special part of geodesy – Special Engineering Geodesy . As already mentioned the Special Engineering Geodesy should comprise the said engineering activities and objects and the others of engineering nature . When the problem is related to it , its name – Special Engineering Geodesy , should be used . In the other cases only the name Engineering Geodesy would be sufficient .
2 . ESSENCE OF THE SYSTEMS OF MONOGRAPHS
The necessity of generalizing , structuring and precising the scope and content of Applied Geodesy imposes , in our opinion , the introduction of certain boundaries and clear
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