tion in Nicaragua between IOB , Nitlapán and the microfinance institute Fondo de Desarrollo Local ( FDL ). Other research focused on resource degradation and income diversification in Benin ; the role of indigenous structures in forest management in Cameroon ; the role of traditional and contemporary institutions in fisheries management in Benin ; and water-related information-sharing in Uganda . A final focus is on green criminology , more specifically , on the ivory trade and poaching . A fourth research stream focuses on the aftermath of violence , with particular attention being paid to how this translates at the local level . A PhD project is currently being conducted on how education ( teachers and curriculum ) contributes to peace-building and dealing with a violent past in the Ivory Coast . Another research project looks at the impact of violent conflict on inter-ethnic relations in Rwanda , while another is looking at how traditional institutions are being formulated or reformulated in the face of violent conflict in western Uganda . Finally , a postdoctoral ( FWO Pegasus ) project has begun on sex and war , to understand sexual practices in war ( in northern Uganda ). Other research has focused on migration , dealing with regional mobility dynamics and the organisation of trans-local family life and care networks in Nicaragua . One PhD on this issue has been completed . A large research project ( financed by the International Growth Centre ) focused on migration , secondary towns and poverty reduction . Finally , a range of methodological papers have been published , focusing on a variety of methodologies used in LID research : a peer-reviewed article was published on measuring food consumption , another article on measuring household labour , and one on the use of financial diaries .
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS LID
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De Weerdt , J ., Beegle , K ., Friedman , J . and Gibson , J . ( 2016 ) “ The challenge of measuring hunger through survey ”, Economic Development and Cultural Change , 64 ( 4 ): 727-758 .
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Huybrechs , F ., Bastiaensen , J ., Forcella , D . and Van Hecken , G . ( 2016 ) « La microfinance pour les services environnementaux : enseignements en matière de politiques du Proyecto CAMBio au Nicaragua », Revue Tiers Monde , 225 : 125-154 .
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Kuppens , L . and Langer , A . ( 2016 ) “ Divided we teach ? Teachers ’ perceptions of conflict and peace in Côte d ’ Ivoire ”, Peace and Conflict : Journal of Peace Psychology , 22 ( 4 ): 329-333 .
# # Winters , N . ( 2016 ) “ Embedding remittances : a methodological note on financial diaries in Nicaragua ”, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie : online first .
State , Economy and Society ( SES )
This research line devotes its attention to state institutions and the formal and informal actors engaged in the ‘ field of power ’ surrounding these institutions . Three subthemes can be distinguished : the dynamics of statehood in relation to the cycle of conflict , peace and attempts at state reconstruction ; hybrid governance and state-building in the contested development arena ; and the governance of public funds and services . Within the broad theme of statehood , conflict and peace studies take a prominent role . This year , we welcomed contributions on peace-building in class rooms in the Ivory Coast . However , most contributions dealt , as usual , with Africa ’ s still turbulent Great Lakes Region , looking at the many faces of rebel groups in the DRC , ongoing violence in Western Uganda , the fragile situation in South Sudan , and electoral violence in Burundi . As in previous years , state reconstruction also featured prominently in the SES research . Also here , the focus lies on the Great Lakes Region , with coverage of this year ’ s many pivotal moments , including the presidential elections in Uganda and Burundi , the lack of elections in the DRC and the struggle over term limits throughout the region . Institutional engineering and the difficult path to reconciliation after inter-ethnic violence ( in Rwanda and Burundi ) also continued to receive attention . Moreover , attention was also paid to the embeddedness of national statehood in the international scene , for example , through the influence of aid flows to authoritarian regimes in Africa , and the international criminal court , including the exit from it by some African nations . Within the broad theme of hybrid governance and statebuilding in the contested development arena , there was a conceptual contribution that built bridges between ‘ hybrid governance ’ and ‘ legal pluralism ’. The other studies within this theme looked at applications of hybrid governance and / or legal pluralism in the education sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( DRC ), but mainly in natural resource management – from fisheries in Benin , forest management in Cameroon , water and sanitation projects in Uganda to gold mining in the DRC . The subtheme of governance of public funds and services includes research on public funding channels . In particular , this year we undertook studies on local currency bond market developments in Sub-Saharan Africa , tax reform in South Sudan , and the impact of debt relief on public finances in Rwanda . Attention was also paid to how private funding can complement public funding ; in particular , how FDI could help fill the finance gap in the Great Lakes Region , and how institutionalised portfolio approaches can facilitate African infrastructure development . To govern public funds and services ,
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