Leishmaniasis Accretion as A Climatic Disease: Deforestation Contribute on Temperature Rising and Vector Spread
Rani Fitri, Ayuning Tetirah, Garry Cori, Berliana Nur Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University
These days, deforestation becomes a serious problem in the world, especially for some countries that have many forest areas. It happened quickly with the most common causes such as agriculture, unsustainable forest management, mining, infrastructure projects, and increased fire evidence and intensity. They all refer to the increasing temperature of the surface of earth. This condition makes some animal migrates and spread worldwide because of the climate change.
It also happens to phlebotomine sand flies, which is the vector of leishmaniasis. This fly is really affected with hot, yet humid temperature which can be seen in areas such as central and south America and also Africa with the most number of deserts. As we know, Leishmaniasis, also spelled Leishmaniosis, is a disease that affects either the skin or the internal organ. This disease can present in three main ways; cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that are commonly found in thermal country. This disease is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies vector through their bites. Because of phlebotomine’ s spreading, Leishmaniasis is found in tropical, sub-tropical, and southern Europe area.
The increased temperature is related to global warming which is including climate change as its factor, but forest as the fundamental aspect to prevent and reduce this phenomena have been cut down very intensively. So that, forest degradation or deforestation has a big influence of the phlebotomine’ s spreading.