REVOLUTIONARY MALARIA MALARIA THERAPY USING ALLICIN IN GARLIC EXTRACT( ALLIUM SATIVUM): BIOMOLECULAR STUDIES USING IN SILICO
Putu Ijiya Danta Awatara 1, Ajeng Maharani Putri 2, Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki 3, Gabriela Nativity 4
University of Brawijaya
Background: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium Falciparum. In 2015, nearly half of the world ' s population, about 3.2 billion people were at risk of malaria. In fact, progress in malaria control is threatened by the rapid development and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Allicin extracted from Garlic( Allium sativum) is a major biologically active component to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Allicin has a important in reducing Plasmodium Falciparum growth and transmission of malaria.
Objective: To show how microtubule of Plasmodium Falciparum plays important role in reducing malaria transmission and to how Allicin blocks these phenomenons.
Method: Biomolecular experimental is conducted by in silico supported by uniprot database, zhanglab, VegaZZ, Pymol, Discovery studio and Pyrex Software. Comprehensive literature search conducted to prove the consistency of in Silico result. It was searched in October 2016 using three main search engines, NCBI, Sciendirect, and Pubchem. Inclusion criterias were used to filter the abstracts and full texts in assessing the eligibility of the trials. The search was limited to trials written in English and published in the last 10 years. Results: The result from the analysis of in silico( supported by pyrex software) shows Allicin strongly binds and inactivates beta-tubulin microtubule protein of Plasmodium sp. in their active site, Alanine 206, through Alkyl bond. The binding affinity among allicin and microtubule protein is-3.7 kcal / mol as the highest score and the lowest one is-3.3 Kcal / mol. To show a consistent result, We included 3 studies which mentioned Allicin from garlic inhibits Plasmodium Plasmodium Falciparum. All studies shown positive result towards Allicin from garlic inhibits Plasmodium Plasmodium Falciparum. We also analyze the mechanism of Allicin in inhibiting microtubule of Plasmodium sp. It can block cell division by preventing spindle formation resulting in inhibiton of sporozoite invasion andinfectivity of Plasmodium Falciparum in vivo.
Conclusion: Allicin which obtained from Garlic can be a brand new alternative antimalaria medicine by inhibiting microtubule of malaria parasite, Plasmodium Falciparum. Allicin strongly binds and inactivates beta-tubulin microtubule protein of Plasmodium Falciparum in their Active site and block Cell Division by Preventing Spindle Formation resulting in inhibition of Sporozoite invasion and infectivity of Plasmodium Falciparum. Allicin is highly recommended for all of East Asian continents