DF, Climate, and Geography of Sampang
Sampang is located in Madura island, East Java province, between 6 ° 05 ' to 7 ° 13 ' South Latitude and 113 ° 08 ' to 113 ° 39 ' East Longitude. It covers an area of 1,233.1 km 2. Sampang regency consists of 14 districts and 186 villages [ 21 ]. According to Badan Pusat Statistik( Statistics Indonesia) in 2015, the population of Sampang was around 919,825 people with population density per km 2 around 733 people per km 2 [ 22 ].
Sampang regency shares borders with Java sea to the north, Madura strait to the south, Pamekasan regency to the east, and Bangkalan regency to the west. Sampang regency is situated at elevation 0 to 50m above sea level [ 21 ].
Dengue hemorrhagic fever has already spread all over Sampang and was one of the leading cause of hospitalization in Sampang, accounting for 455 cases( for Dengue infection 435 cases). In Sampang, the incidence rate of DF in 2012 was 34.61 in 100,000 populations [ 23 ].
Current strategies to prevent and eradicate DF in Sampang is by going hand in hand with the community, inciting their participation. The main strategy is to promote:( 1) eradication of mosquito habitats with“ Gerakan 3M”( drainage of bathtub, sealing water reservoirs, and burying garbage and junk),( 2) monitoring numbers of mosquito larva, and( 3) early detection of DHF and the initial management of DHF in house [ 23 ].
Looking at the climate, Sampang regency is situated in a tropical climate. Every year, there are 6 wet months and 6 dry ones. Rainy season in Sampang regency started at around October-March with its peak season on December. Dry season is usually from April to September, with the peak season at around August [ 21 ]. Temperature are high all year round at 27.1 O C with little difference from month to month. Because Sampang regency is mainly consists of coastal areas, the daily range of temperatures is small and nearly the same throughout the year [ 25 ]. Average rainfall in Sampang is around 1,415 mm with the lowest precipitation in August, with an average of 16 mm, and the highest precipitation falls in December with an average of 239mm.
Figure 1. Temperature and Rain Precipitation in Sampang [ 25 ]
Study Objective
With the available evidence of the correlation of temperature, humidity, and rainfall to dengue fever incidence and the evidence in variation of climate in Sampang. We sought to analyze the relationship of dengue fever incidence and death case towards climate, especially on rainfall and temperature at Sampang Regency, Madura, East Java, Indonesia. We hope that this study can be used as a basis for future policy in anticipating dengue fever in Sampang.