WARRIORS WARY OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN THE RAINY SEASONS
Airlangga University
Leptospirosis is the most wide spread zoonosis worldwide; it is present in all continents except Antarctica and evidence for the carriage of Leptospira has been found in virtually all mammalian species examined especially rodents. Humans most commonly become infected through occupational, recreational, or domestic contact with the urine of carrier animals, either directly or via contaminated water or soil. Leptospires are thin, helical bacteria classified into at least 12 pathogenic and 4 saprophytic species, with more than 250 pathogenic serovars. Immunity following infection is generally, but not exclusively, mediated by antibody against leptospiral LPS and restricted to antigenically related serovars. Vaccines currently available consist of killed whole cell bacterins which are used widely in animals, but less so in humans. Current work with recombinant protein antigens shows promise for the development of vaccines based on defined protective antigens. The cellular and molecular basis for virulence remains poorly understood, but comparative genomics of pathogenic and saprophytic species suggests that Leptospira expresses unique virulence determinants. However, the recent development of defined mutagenesis systems for Leptospira heralds the potential for gaining a much improved understanding of pathogenesis in leptospirosis.
Leptospirosis is spread almost in the whole territory of Indonesia, lying in the province of West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, Lampung, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Riau, West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Bali, NTB, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, East Kalimantan and West Kalimantan. Death rate of leptospirosis in Indonesia, reaching 2.5 to 16.45 %. On age more than 50 years of death rate reaches 56 %. In some publications death rate reported between 3-54 % depending the infected system organs( Zulkoni, 2011). Recorded outbreak occurred in Riau( 1986), Jakarta( 2002), Bekasi( 2002), and Semarang( 2003)( Kunoli, 2013). In 2010 there were 54 cases with 10 people dead, and the highest incidence occurred in 2007, with 667 cases( Nurhadi, 2012)
Leptospirosis is environmental problems that exist around us. Environmental conditions especially the condition of the river in the city of Surabaya were very poor condition, the amount of garbage and waste from the careless disposal plant polluting the river water. Coupled with the weather conditions of late are often rains. thus causing a lot of puddles, rivers were overflowing and the rat population that tends to have a lot in Surabaya worsen causing leptospirosis. Our goal to make a public poster on the theme of leptospirosis in order to increase public awareness on the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene in order to minimize the disease ' s particularly leptospirosis.