prepared. A laser is shot to the material and the material solidifies and then the platform
on which the printed layer goes down as far as the thickness of a layer, normally 0.05 to
0.15 mm. Then the next layer of the material can be solidified. In this method a
specific material needs to be used. One example of the material is a liquid curable
photopolymer “resin”. Last method mentioned, the SLS also used the additive printing
principle. In SLS, the laser used is highly powered such as carbon dioxide laser to fuse
smaller particles of a material into a big lump of it. The method is similar to SLA but
in SLS the basic material is in the form of powder-like substances instead of liquid
form resin.
Disease Modelling
Disease Modelling is the treatment of stem cells to form tissue and organ
which is inflicted with a specific disease by engineering their genetic structure so that
the stem cells express the phenotype of the wanted disease, or taking a sample of
tissue which has been inflicted by the disease and convert them to stem cell samples
to obtain tissue with the disease. Disease modelling is used in research to observe the
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics effects of a drug towards a specific disease.
The discovery of this technique has increased the effectiveness of pharmacological
research. (Unternaehrer and Daley, 2011)
Since the start of iPS cell production for the use of disease modelling, areas of
research for disease modelling using iPS cells have been steadily expanding.
Researchers observed that to increase the success of disease modelling, there needs to
be a selection of iPS cells based on genetic or epigenetic factors, as well as the
clinical manisfestations of the disease, the pathological characteristics of the disease
and the patient’s tissue availability. Because the differentiation of iPS cells are used
for disease modelling, derivates of iPS cells used for disease modelling can be used to
observe cellular function and perform screening for diseases through various ways.
This is aimed to study diseases more comprehensively and aid in deciding the most
optimal medication for the patient. (Unternaehrer and Daley, 2011)
The preparation of iPS cells for disease modelling from the patient’s tissue
inflicted by the disease follows several steps. First, the inflicted cells of the patient are
extracted and cultured in a medium containing Oct4, Soc2, Kif4 and c-Myc. Thus, iPS
cells with the disease can be obtained from the resulting culture. In the situation