The seeded MCPs differentiated in situ into cardiomyocytes (CMs), smooth muscle
cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) with high efficiency, which reconstructed the
decellularized mouse hearts (Ramlinger et al., 2012). The recellularized DC-ECMs (RCDC-ECMs) exhibited myocardium and vessel-like structures, contracted spontaneously
with a rate of 40–50 beats per min, exhibited intracellular Ca2þ transients (CaiT) and
responded as expected to various drug interventions. In addition, we found that heart
ECM could promote proliferation, specific cell differentiation and myofilament formation
of CMs from the repopulated human MCPs (Lu et al., 2013). Therefore, this study
established a novel strategy of human heart tissue engineering, which could be beneficial
to study heart development, and future preclinical applications. But, there is still no
further experimental research to prove this theory clinically. We therefore also propose
that repurposing to develope the idea of using human induced pluripotent stem cells
(ICPs) as recellularization material on pig heart scaffold. We hope it emerges
development in 3D biopriting tissue enginering that will allow us to construct whole heart
to end the heart donor sortage.
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