Sympathetic disorder, such as Horner syndrome, would manifest as dark miosis.(Figure 3) This is due
to the inability of the pupil to dilate in a dark situation. Patients with parasympathetic disorder due to
pre-ganglionic lesions would have large unresponsive pupils as a result of paresis of both ciliary and
sphincter muscles. Lesions of the ciliary ganglion or short posterior ciliary nerves will result in
accommodation disorder, with the levator muscles and extraocular muscles spared.(Bremner, 2009)
Pupillometry is also a safe procedure. (Herbst 2010) During the experimental research to validate the
result of pupillometer in healthy adults with no prior ophthalmologic disorder, ten participants from
age 24 to 30 underwent pupillometry testing and re-testing using a novel pupilometer and no side
effects during and after the test was re