1“ Having left this province of St. John, and the piraguas having desisted from following them, they determined to rest in a forest. Captain Orellana, by means of a vocabulary which he had made, asked many questions of a captured Indian, from whom he learned that that land was subject to women, who lived in the same way as Amazons, and were very rich, possessing much gold and silver. They had five houses of the sun plated with gold, their own houses were of stone, and their cities defended by walls; and he related other details, which I can neither believe nor affirm, owing to the difficulty in discovering the truth.” Antonio de Herrera,“ The Voyage of Francisco de Orellana,” in Expeditions into the Valley of the Amazons 1539, 1540, 1639, trans. and ed. Clements R. Markham( Hakluyt Society, 1859), 36. Cited in Aimé Iglesias Lukin, Karen Marta, Tie Jojima, and Edward J. Sullivan, eds., El Dorado: A Reader( Americas Society, 2024), 170.
2 Manuela Andreoni and Max Bearak,“ Amazon Countries, Led by Brazil, Sign a Rainforest Pact,” New York Times, August 8, 2023. https:// www. nytimes. com / 2023 / 08 / 08 / climate / amazon-rainforest-belem-protections. html.
3“ Connecting Art Histories,” Getty, accessed June 3, 2025. https:// www. getty. edu / projects / connecting-art-histories.
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