Famine Statue
Boston
Boy with two fish for
dinner
constant or recurrent lack of food
and results in underweight and
stunted children, and high infant
mortality. “Hidden hunger” is a
lack of essential micronutrients in
diets.
Malnutrition – An abnormal physiological condition caused by deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in
energy, protein and/or other nutrients.
Poverty – encompasses different
dimensions of deprivation that relate to human capabilities including consumption and food security, health, education, rights, voice,
security, dignity and decent work.
Under nutrition – is when the body
contains lower than normal
amounts of one or more nutrients
i.e. deficiencies in macronutrients
(carbohydrates, proteins) and/or
micronutrients (amino acids, vitamins, minerals), such that stunting,
wasting and illness will occur.
(Sources: drawn from references cited in Bene et al., 2007; DFID, 2009
and Sowman & Cardoso, 2010)
Fish Farmers from Highlands Trout,
Lesotho
Selling live Trout
Protein for the day
ture and nutrient requirements –
particularly the fraction met by
meat intake – increase.
Indeed, the percentage of total water use co-opted by agriculture declined from 90% to 70% during the
20th century and agricultural production of non-food commodities,
such as cotton and biofuel, is increasing. Dietary shifts, forecasted
to involve a per capita 25% increase
in meat intake and a 10% increase
in calories over the next decades,
result in more per capita water use,
as meat production requires about
10 times more water per calorie
than does grain production. Climate change forecasts show an
increase in the frequency of
droughts and floods across regions
and greater variability in water
availability and food insecurity
across the planet. The combined
effect of population growth and
climate change on water resources
may exceed their independent effects. At current yields, crop and
grazing areas will have to increase
by 50% to 70% to produce the
Catch of the day
African Sharptooth Catfish
food required to feed the projected
human population in 2050. New
available cultivable land falls short
of furnishing the needed area, particularly considering the loss of
cropland caused by soil erosion,
salinization, and the expansion of
urban and industrial land.
Nutritional benefits from fish:
Developed and developing country
perspective on the links between
fish and health differ considerably.
In developed countries the major
focus has been on fish safety and
the health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish
and fish oil, which are thought to
lower blood pressure and reduce
risk of heart diseases. In developing
countries , the focus has been on
the role of fish in tacking undernutrition, maternal and child health.
Although fish is usually linked to
food security concerns through
analysis of its contributions to protein supply, it is much more important as a source of micronutrients and lipids. More than two billion people in the world are underRainbow Trout Harvest