Agri Kultuur February / Februarie 2016 | Page 25

future. images for later analysis. Be it a RQ-9 Reaper or a quadrotor these strangelooking planes carry a wealth of sensors in their bulbous noses: colour and black-and-white TV cameras, image intensifiers, radar, infra-red imaging for lowlight conditions and lasers for targeting. Whatever the case may be, they have been proved to be of extreme importance in many areas. This low-altitude view gives a perspective that farmers have rarely had before. Compared with satellite imagery, it’s much cheaper and offers higher resolution. Because it’s taken under the clouds, it’s unobstructed and available anytime. It’s also much cheaper than crop imaging with a manned aircraft, which can run to thousands an hour. The quote below was published in Technology Review by Chris Anderson, the former Editor in Chief of Wired, the cofounder and CEO of 3D Robotics and founder of DIY Drones. I found it of much interest as it gives one a good idea of what can be achieved with the use of drones in agriculture, and I quote: The advent of drones this small, cheap, and easy to use, is due largely to remarkable advances in technology: tiny MEMS sensors (accelerometers, gyros, magnetometers, and often pressure sensors), small GPS modules, incredibly powerful processors, and a range of digital radios. All those components are now getting better and cheaper at an unprecedented rate, thanks to their use in smartphones and the extraordinary economies of scale of that industry. At the heart of a drone, the autopilot runs specialized software— often open-source programs created by communities such as DIY Drones, rather than costly code from the aerospace industry. “Ryan Kunde is a winemaker whose family’s pictureperfect vineyard nestles in the Sonoma Valley north of San Francisco. He is not your average farmer but also a drone operator—and he’s not alone. He’s part of the vanguard of farmers who are using technology to grow better grapes using pictures from the air, part of a broader trend of using sensors and robotics to bring big data to precision agriculture. To Kunde and the growing number of farmers like him, a drone is simply a low-cost aerial camera platform: either miniature fixed-wing airplanes or, more commonly, quadcopters and other multi-bladed small helicopters. These aircraft are equipped with an autopilot using GPS and a standard point-and-shoot camera controlled by the autopilot; software on the ground can stitch aerial shots into a high-­resolution mosaic map. Whereas a traditional radio-­controlled aircraft needs to be flown by a pilot on the ground, in Kunde’s drone the autopilot does all the flying, from auto take-off to landing. Its software plans the flight path, aiming for maximum coverage of the vineyards, and controls the camera to optimize the Field mapping at low altitude Photo: https://pixabay.com/en/drone-rotorcraft-remote-aerial-792995/ Drones can provide farmers with three types of detailed views. First, seeing a crop from the air can reveal patterns that expose everything from irrigation problems to soil variation and even pest and fungal infestations that aren’t apparent at eye level. Second, airborne cameras can take multispectral images, capturing data from the infrared as well as the visual spec