ponds along the main canal. At present, there
are 10 medium- and small-sized melon-like
reservoirs and 2 671 weirs and ponds in the
irrigation district. The reservoirs are connected
to the Changqu (Bai Qi) Canal with ditches and
canals and are controlled by water gates.
The Dujiangyan irrigation system, located
in southwest China’s Sichuan Province,
and was constructed around 256 BC which
produced comprehensive benefits in flood
control, irrigation, water transport and general
water consumption. It consists of headwork,
water diverting channels at various levels in
irrigation district, ponds, weirs and farmlands.
The headwork system mainly consists of the
three major parts of Fish-Mouth Diverting
Levee, Flying-Sand Weir (spillway) and Bottle
Neck Canal and the auxiliary projects of the
Baizhang Dike and the Renzi Dike. Starting
from the point of the Fish Mouth Levee, the
water flow is controlled by water diversion
levees and overflow weirs made of bamboo
cages and timber piles. In the irrigation district,
there are now 111 main canals and sub-main
canals that run 3 664 km long, 260 branch
canals that run 3 234 km long, each irrigating
thousands of hectares of farmland, and field
ditches below branch canals that run over
34 000 km. It now irrigates around 668 700
hectares of farmland.
The Jiangxiyan Canal in eastern Zhejiang
Province, consisting of Jiang and Xi dams and
was built in the 14th century and is still in use.
The Jiangxiyan Irrigation System is composed
of water-diversion headwork, irrigation and
drainage canal network and control work.
The water-diversion headwork includes Jiang
Weir (upper weir), Xi Wei (lower weir), intake
AgriKultuur |AgriCulture
gate and scouring sluice. Jiang Weir is 100 m
long; its bed is 32 m wide and 63.2 m high and
located on the right side of the sandbank on
the upper reaches of the Lingshangang River.
Xi Weir is 50 m long and its bed is 30 m wide
and 63.1 m high and located on the left side of
the end of the sandbank on the lower reaches.
Xi Weir is arc-shaped, diverting water into the
main irrigation canal through the intake gate.
The total irrigated area is 2 333 ha
Built in 214 BC, the Lingqu Canal covers 4 333
hectares of farmland and is a major irrigation
structure in southern Guangxi Zhuang
Autonomous Region, connecting the basins
of the Yangtze River and Pearl River. The
irrigation system includes headworks, main
canal project, flood control project, gravity and
water lifting irrigation systems among others.
The headworks are located on the Xiang River.
It consists of the Plow Beak, the large and
small-scale weirs, as well as the south gate and
the north gate.
India’s two historical irrigation and drainage
systems are- Large Tank (Pedda Cheru) and
the Sadarmatt Anicut system.
Large Tank (Pedda Cheru) was restored in
1897 and has 3 sluices with one located at the
weir. The weir is located on the left flank with
a height of 3.75 m and the length of the weir is
145 m. The maximum flood discharge is 8 860
cusecs. The length of the bund is 1 800 m and
the maximum height of the bund is 14 m. The
capacity of the tank is 4.86 Mm 3 and the water
spread area of the tank is 3.05 km 2 .
The Sadarmatt Anicut was built in 1891
across the river Godavari on the left arm in
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