Agri Kultuur August 2014 | Page 28

Research on flowmeter measurement tem) and effectively (at the right time, in the right quantity and at the right quality). Optimising water use at farm level requires careful consideration of the implications of decisions made during both development (planning and design), and management (operation and maintenance), taking into account technical, economic and environmental issues. The basis of the framework that was developed is that any water withdrawn from a catchment for irrigation use contributes either to storage change, to the consumed fraction, or to the non-consumed fraction at a point downstream of Development of drip irrigation guidelines the point of abstraction. The water that is consumed will either be to the benefit of the intended purpose (beneficial consumption) or not (non-beneficial consumption). Water that is not consumed but remains in the system will either be recoverable (for re-use) or nonrecoverable (lost to further use). Conclusion Studies and research over 50 years on mainly the agricultural engineering aspects of the techniques of flood-, mobile- and micro-irrigation contributed to the knowledge base of applying irrigation methods correctly to improve the efficient application of water. Especially the re- search that were carried out from dam wall release to root zone application have to a large extend consolidated and contributed to local knowledge on issues regarding irrigation water use efficiency. The resulting approach of “measure; assess; improve; evaluate”, promotes an investigative approach to improving efficiency of irrigation water application. References REINDERS FB, “Irrigation methods for efficient water application: 40 years of South African research excellence” ISSN 0378-4738 (Print) = Water SA Vol. 37 No. 5 WRC 40Year Celebration Special Edition Guidelines for water use efficiency from dam wall release to root zone application has been developed