Aged Care Insite Issue 118 | Apr-May 2020 | Page 19

coronavirus special Nespolon pointed to the confusion around which type of masks were appropriate for GPs to wear as one of the many failures of communication between states and territories. “We are also getting different advice from the states and territories on the tests for coronavirus and who should be taking them. Should they be done by a GP in a clinic, or should they be done in a hospital in a negative pressure room? “So, at a time when GPs are on heightened alert and may be seeing more patients than usual, we have the extra burden of needing to call around to various health agencies to work out what the current advice is.” Europe’s first large outbreak of the virus, occurring in Italy, prompted officials to cancel sporting events and stop passengers travelling by train to and from the country. The number of cases of the virus in Italy exploded from five to 152 with three deaths in mid-February. Roadblocks were set up in at least 10 towns in Lombardy at the epicentre of the outbreak, to keep people from leaving or arriving. Buses, trains and other forms of public transport – including boats in Venice – were being disinfected, Veneto regional governor Luca Zaia told reporters. Museums were ordered to shut down in Venice, as well as in neighbouring Lombardy, which, with at least 110 confirmed cases, was the epicentre of the viral outbreak in the country. Italy is now in complete lockdown and is seen as the worst-affected nation after WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Photo: AFP South Korean nurse Him Do‑yeon with sores caused by wearing protective equipment while treating COVID-19 patients. Photo: Ed Jones/AFP China, with 63,927 cases and 6077 deaths as of March 24. Italy has now surpassed China with the most COVID-19 deaths. FIRST AUSTRALIAN CASUALTY By March, the first Australian death due to COVID-19 occurred, and cases of the virus were found in an aged care home. James Kwan, 78, passed away in a Perth hospital on March 1. He had been recently airlifted from the Diamond Princess cruise ship docked in Japan after an outbreak. Shortly after, it was confirmed that a 50-year-old woman working at a BaptistCare aged care facility in Sydney’s north had contracted the virus, and this led to 11 residents being put into isolation. Three have since passed away. There have since been other cases in residents and staff reported around Australia, which has led to facilities enforcing strict visitation rules, such as allowing only two visitors per day and barring non-essential outside workers from entering facilities. A positive COVID-19 presentation at Brisbane’s Mater Hospital led to 15 staff members, including 10 nurses, being tested. All eventually tested negative to the virus and have returned to work, a spokesperson confirmed. On March 11, the WHO officially declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Since then, countries such as the UK and India – with populations of 66 million and 1.3 billion respectively – have announced lockdowns, restricting any movement apart from work and shopping for food and medical supplies. By that point, terms such as ‘social distancing’ and ‘self-isolation’ had become part of the global lexicon. AUSTRALIA’S RESPONSE As of April 6, Australia had 5687 confirmed cases of the virus and 35 deaths. It had implemented strict congregation restrictions while emphasising the importance of social distancing (1.5m from others) to flatten the curve and avoid the ‘pinch’ – the point at which there would not be enough respirators for the patients who need them. Australia enforced restrictions on people entering the country from China seven days after the first case was confirmed here. Anyone entering Australia who had been in China within the previous 14 days had to go to another country for a period before entering Australia. In comparison, the US stopped all arrivals from China 11 days after its first confirmed case; the UK enforced self-isolation on arrivals from China on the same day it announced its first confirmed case; and New Zealand enforced self-isolation on arrivals from China 25 days before it had announced a confirmed case. Then it banned any entries 15 days after its first confirmed case. Australia closed non-essential businesses 58 days after its first COVID-19 case, similar to the US (56 days, though not all states) and the UK (51 days) but behind New Zealand, which acted within 25 days. Wuhan has announced an easing of its lockdown measures 62 days after they were announced and after five days of no newly confirmed cases. People are now allowed into Wuhan if they are healthy and without fever, and residents can leave their isolation and return to work if they have been tested for COVID-19 and are free of symptoms.  ■ agedcareinsite.com.au 17