African Mining May - June 2019 | Page 44

Global energy heading towards renewables According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), 66% of the global energy market will be in renewables by 2040, driving an urgent race to diversify in 2019. By 2040, the equivalent of a whole new China and India will have been added to the planet’s global energy demand — a 30% increase on today. According to the IEA, renewables will meet 40% of the planet’s energy demands. Diversification, starting now, is key to seizing the opportunities that come with renewables. For proactive consumers, diversification means more options over which energy they use, how much they pay for it, and even how they can store and sell it back. For energy and utility companies, it also means more complexity. And the urgent need for accessible data throughout. Traditional major energy providers and even heavy industries will all be racing to adapt to the rise of renewables. The report also mentioned that by 2023, 75% of utilities assets will be digitally connected. b A report by the IEA predicts that 66% of the global energy market will be in renewables. Regional power integration and energy security Eskom’s challenges of not being able to meet power supply demands have had serious ramifications for the South African economy, as well as the surrounding SADC region, and has emerged as an urgent power crisis threatening the livelihoods of millions of citizens in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, Mozambique, Lesotho, and Swaziland — all countries that rely on electricity supplied by Eskom. Eskom, in contrast, only imports power from the 1 920MW Cahora Bassa hydroelectric generation station, in Mozambique, which recently suffered its own set of failures owing to the Idai tropical cyclone that ravaged the country in early March. Regional power integration has been an objective of the SADC nations since the formation of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) in August 1995. Closer relationships and regional integration have been championed by SADC members to enable cooperation among neighbouring countries to secure low-cost, reliable power. In South Africa, the government has authorised a determination aimed at purchasing 3 750MW of coal-generated baseload electricity sources outside the country’s borders. The purpose of the Cross-Border Determination is to ensure energy security for South Africa and to facilitate the construction of the transmission interconnectors between South Africa and its neighbours. 42 AFRICAN MINING MAY - JUNE 2019 Zambia, Mozambique, and the DRC have plans to produce over 25 000MW of baseload power from hydroelectric facilities, which through this determination, will be able to supply Eskom and South Africa. While hydroelectric power is an essential part of South Africa’s planned energy mix and clean energy future, there is, unfortunately, no hydro potential in the country. This means that South Africa is reliant on imported hydropower. The cross-border programme would facilitate the transmission interconnections needed for South Africa to import hydroelectric power. The ZIZABONA line will allow the export or import of more power, and trade in energy between the four countries of Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. ZIZABONA will create a new Western Transmission Corridor in the southern African grid, which is identified as a priority project by the SAPP. In addition to reducing transmission losses and increasing reliability, ZIZABONA will serve to ease congestion on the north–south transmission corridor through Zimbabwe to South Africa as well as on the north–south corridor in South Africa between the Matimba Power Station and Cape Town. b www.africanmining.co.za