African Mining March - April 2019 | Page 39

Business The issue of conflict minerals has become synonymous with countries like the DRC and its neighbours. To date, REE has not attracted the same attention Rainbow Rare Earth’s project in Burundi is up and running and was the first producing REE mine in Africa. the operation. Eales points out that the capex cost for other operations could be up to USD200-million more to develop. He goes on to mention that Burundi introduced new mining legislation in 2013, simplifying it to operate in the country. Eales also states that the Burundian government holds a 10% interest in the mine. The new generation of EV and ‘green’ energies are dependent on REEs as a critical set of elements; yet have not seen the same amount of hype as lithium, graphite or nickel, for example. Bankers still appears to see REE as an opaque market and is not as readily funded to the same extent as gold or coal projects are. Eales agrees with the sentiment and adds that this is due to debt lenders relying on some hedging, which is not available to REE projects at the moment, coupled with price uncertainty in the sector; yet, the demand for REE products is as strong as hoped. as gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum (GTTT). but has since increased the quotas this year. He goes on to explain that this is due to stable growth and projected strong market that is demand driven, with no long changes visible. China has also introduced stricter environmental legislation and in June 2018, acted against a company that operated in contravention of the current legislation, indicating that China is serious, adds Eales. He concludes by saying that there is an expectation that China will become a net importer of REE minerals within the next 5–10 years. For independent geological and geotechnical consulting, market studies, reviews, desktop studies, due diligence, feasibility studies, business plans, and related services, send an email to [email protected] or visit the website at www.bowlineps.co.za b The issue of conflict minerals has become synonymous with countries like the DRC and its neighbours. To date, REE has not attracted the same attention as gold, tin, tungsten, and tantalum (GTTT). Eales indicates that although REEs are not deemed a conflict mineral, Rainbow Rare Earths is listed on the London Stock Exchange, which applies scrutiny to all companies listed and meets the high standards set by the off- take partner Thyssenkrupp. Turning briefly to the recycling market, some analysts have indicated that there might be sufficient electronics available in five years to make an impact on the primary producing ore minerals market segment. Eales’s sentiment is that REEs do not have a significantly big market share at the moment and that the associated cost would need to be justified. He also indicates that any developments on this front are price dependent to make REE magnet recycling viable. Looking at China, over the past couple of years, the Chinese market has consolidated the numerous smaller operations. Eales notes that initially, the country reduced quotas (2010), www.africanmining.co.za JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2019 AFRICAN MINING 37