African Mining February 2020 | Page 44

THE POWER OF FLARE GAS Dynamic expansion of the oil-and-gas industry continues to fuel the demand for new technologies that tackle the impact of flare gas emissions globally. While the production of oil has grown by roughly 30% over the past two decades, the climate impact of flare gas, typically considered a waste by-product by the oil-and-gas industry, continues to be a cause for concern. The company recently launched the HSK78G natural gas generator series, designed to provide reliable power regardless of the natural gas source or the climate, and capable of generating power from very aggressive fuels otherwise considered waste products. “The quantity of unburned fuel that needs to be flared is usually known, but the question is what to do with it,” Nezerwe adds. The World Bank, which has launched an initiative called Zero Routine Flaring by 2030, has stated that, if this quantity of gas were used for power generation, it could provide about 750 billion kWh of electricity, or more than the African continent’s current annual electricity consumption. While associated gas cannot always be used to produce power, it can often be utilised in a number of other productive ways or conserved. “A critical development for the oil-and-gas industry is the advancing technology in natural gas generators to utilise fuel sources that would otherwise be considered water products,” Nezerwe highlights. “This leads to robust power solutions even with very aggressive fuels with minimal derating. The result is that routine flaring can be reduced and transformed into a more environment-friendly option, while also helping communities by supplying electricity. These advancements in power generation applications allow operators to utilise environmentally harmful raw flare gas for diverse purposes instead of simply burning it, with clear benefits to the environment. FREE TRADE AND ENERGY The climate impact of flare gas, typically considered a waste by-product by the oil-and-gas industry, continues to be a cause for concern. Globally, 140 million cubic meters of natural gas are flared annually, emitting more than 300 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the environment. According to power solutions provider Cummins, a lack of infrastructure to capture and sell the flare gas released when drilling for oil is a major environmental problem. Billions of dollars in wasted natural gas could be used to generate reliable, affordable electricity, and yield billions more per year in increased global economic output. “Governments, development institutions and oil companies around the world are being pressured to look at the amount of money spent in gas flaring, and the damage it is causing to the environment,” says Linda Nezerwe, technical specialist at Cummins and an expert in emissions control for both diesel and gas generator sets. The HSK78G Cummins generator is capable of generating power from very aggressive fuels otherwise considered waste products. 42  African Mining  February 2020 The African Continental Free Trade Area agreement (AfCFTA) will constitute the world’s largest free trade area, consolidating an integrated market of 1.3 billion consumers with a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately USD3.4- trillion. The objective is to realise a continent-wide single market for goods and services with free movement of business, persons and investments. The AfCFTA envisions to expand intra-African trade and intensify regional integration by successively eliminating tariffs on 90% of product categories. Removal of such trade barriers assures to not only improve efficiency, enhance competition, and incentivise development of strategic solutions to local challenges through regional economies of scale, but essentially advance the efficacy of resource allocation. Successful implementation of the agreement is set to have a profound impact on the continent’s energy sector. Regional integration pertaining to energy, represents a viable solution for emerging economies to enhance their energy landscapes in furtherance of realising social, environmental and economic benefits owing to improved efficacy of resource utilisation. Regional integration is pivotal to ensure that energy resources get from localities where they are most affordable, to where they are required. Correspondingly, regional integration on account of the AfCFTA, is forecast to improve security of supply. Integrating operational reserves and installed capacity enables combined power systems from having to invest in additional facilities. In the event of emergency situations, regional collaboration provides an alternative source of supply for operating reserves and support thereof. Moreover, sharing with neighbouring countries can provide advanced system flexibility and reliability by expanding the supply portfolio of diverse energy resources as opposed to www. africanmining.co.za