Publications
California Berkeley and Isha Ray ( corresponding author ), Associate Professor , Energy and Resources Group and Co-Director , Berkeley Water Center , University of California Berkeley , to provide policy guidance on key emerging areas in the gender and sanitation nexus . This paper was featured at an event on Emerging Issues in Gender and WASH held during the 60th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women .
UN Women would like to thank the Governments of Singapore and Germany for their financial support for the research , which made this Discussion paper possible .
CLTS and the Right to Sanitation Frontiers of CLTS issue 8 , 2016 .
Authors : Musembi , C . and Musyoki , S .
The purpose of this issue of Frontiers of CLTS is to examine Community-Led Total Sanitation ( CLTS ) in light of human rights : Does CLTS contribute to realizing the right to sanitation and other inter-related rights ? Are the principles and practices of CLTS ompatible with human rights ?
What are the specific areas of compatibility ? What areas raise concerns about actual or potential incompatibilities ? With regard to areas of compatibility we discuss CLTS ’ consistency with the principle of interdependence of rights , our interpretation of the nature of state duty in relation to CLTS , and CLTS ’ recognition of the need to balance individual and community rights and duties .
With regard to actual or potential incompatibilities with human rights , we discuss complex and controversial issues surrounding the use of shame and disgust , the range of sanctions employed by communities and governments , and subsidies , in light of the right to improved sanitation for all .
We demonstrate that while CLTS is compatible with a human rights based approach to sanitation , there is the potential risk of violation of human rights through bad practice in the name of CLTS . This risk is arguably multiplied with the scaling-up of CLTS , which highlights the need for a fuller understanding of human rights and more rigorous coaching of CLTS practitioners , as well as re-orientation of the attitudes of government public health officials and local leaders .
United Nations - World Water Development Report 2016 Report : Water and Jobs , 2016
Three out of four of the jobs worldwide are water-dependent . In fact , water shortages and lack of access may limit economic growth in the years to come , according to the 2016 United Nations World Water Development Report , Water and Jobs , launched on 22 March 2016 , World Water Day , in Geneva .
From its collection , through various uses , to its ultimate return to the natural environment , water is a key factor in the development of job opportunities either directly related to its management ( supply , infrastructure , wastewater treatment , etc .) or in economic sectors that are heavily water-dependent such as agriculture , fishing , power , industry and health . Furthermore , good access to drinking water and sanitation promotes an educated and healthy workforce , which constitutes an essential factor for sustained economic growth .
In its analysis of the economic impact of access to water , the report cites numerous studies that show a positive correlation between investments in the water sector and economic growth . It also highlights the key role of water in the transition to a green economy .
Economic Valuation of Wastewater – The Cost of Action and the Cost of No Action
Publisher : United Nations Environment Programme ( UNEP ) Pages : 72
Over the years , wastewater has been a source of pollution due to urbanization , growing cities , industrialization and improved material consumption , among other factors .
Today , an estimated 80 per cent of global wastewater is being discharged untreated into the world ’ s waterways .
This affects the biological diversity of aquatic ecosystems and disrupts the fundamental web of our life support systems , on which a wide range of sectors from urban development to food production and industry depend .
Africa Water , Sanitation & Hygiene • May - June 2016 35