Africa Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Africa Water & Sanitation & Hygiene May -June 2017 | Page 3

Published by Sustainable Water & Sanitation P.O. Box 60359 Nairobi 00200, Kenya Tel: [phone] Wireless: [phone] Fax: [phone] Mobile: + 254 722 641 820 + 254 700 370 038 Website: www.afriwater.org Webmaster [email protected] March - April 2017 May - June 2017 Vol. 12 No. 3 Contents REGULARS Publisher S.N. Mwaniki Email: [email protected] 2 Comment 34 Hygiene 3 News in Brief 36 Water & Health Editor Kariuki Wangai Email: [email protected] 20 Hygiene Standards & 38 Publication Assistant Editor A. Ayiro 25 Water & Sanitation 41 Calendar 2017 Editorial Consultants Befrina Igulu (Ms) Email: [email protected] Dr. Judith Nyunja Email: [email protected] Eng. Malaquen Milgo Email: [email protected] Raphael M. Kabando Email: [email protected] Eng. Prof. Patts M.A. Odira Email: [email protected] Peter Mwaura Email: [email protected] Eng. Ephraim Kisembo Email: [email protected] John Rao Nyaoro, HSC Email: [email protected] Regional Representatives: Rwanda Contact: Dr. F. Otieno Tel: [phone] Uganda and South Sudan Contact: Cyrus Ruheni Tel: [phone] Zimbabwe Contact: Marjory Kusotera-Dzapata Institute of Water and Sanitation Development Box MP422, Mount Pleasant Harare, ZIMBABWE Tel/Fax: [phone] Graphic Designer Patrick Mainga [email protected] Disclaimer While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this publication,the Publisher will accept no responsibility for any errors or omissions or for any loss or damage,unconsequential or otherwise suffered as a result of any material here published.The opinions expressed in the editorial are the sole responsibility of the authors or organizations concerned and not those of the Publisher. Neither Transworld Publishers Ltd nor its agents accept liability in whole or in part howsoever arising from the contents of the editorial published herein. Material in this publication does not necessarily reflect the considered opinion of the Transworld Publishers Ltd or those of the contributors, nor does mention of trade names and commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Food Safety 40 Roundup Events FEATURES 14 World Ocean Day History World Oceans Day was officially established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2008 to be celebrated worldwide on 8th of June annually to resolve the ocean issues and save ocean water. Earlier it was celebrating unofficially every year on 8th of June after the first proposal of it in 1992 by the Canada at “Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil”. 22 World Economic Forum Africa 2017 Africa’s drive to generate inclusive economic growth and the leadership this requires is the focus of the 27th World Economic Forum (WEF) on Africa, that began on Wednesday in Durban, South Africa, and ends on Friday. 24 Managing water challenges: Learning from our development partners California is suffering from its fifth year of drought, the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in India are arguing over the sharing of Cauvery river water. 28 Could alternative sanitation help SA’s water security? As the 30th driest country in the world, South Africa is facing greater water security challenges with increasing periods of drought and unpredictable rainfall patterns. According to a case study on alternative sanitation for water security done by Tomorrow Matters Now, 19.5% of South Africans are still without an improved sanitation service and 4.9% of South Africans have no access to sanitation. 30 Your future food will be grown with wastewater In an increasingly water- scarce world, there is no doubt that recycling water we’ve already used has to become normal. Part of that will inevitably mean using wastewater to help grow the food we need. But will we ever feel comfortable using waste water for food production? 32 Cool insights for a hot world: trees and forests recycle water That, at least, is the conclusion of a new review. The authors suggest that the global conversation on trees, forests and climate needs to be turned on its head: the direct effects via rainfall and cooling may be more important than the well-studied effects through the global carbon balance. 36 37 Ghana, Kenya and Malawi to take part in WHO malaria vaccine pilot programme Brazzaville, The World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO/AFRO) announced today that Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi will take part in a WHO-coordinated pilot implementation programme that will make the world’s first malaria vaccine available in selected areas, beginning in 2018. Salmonella (non-typhoidal) Salmonella is 1 of 4 key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases. Most cases of salmonellosis are mild; however, sometimes it can be life-threatening. The severity of the disease depends on host factors and the serotype of Salmonella. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern and Salmonella is one of the microorganisms in which some resistant serotypes have emerged, affecting the food chain. Partners ©2006-2017 Transworld Publishers Limited Affiliate Member Member Africa Water, Sanitation & Hygiene • May - June 2017 3