Active May 2014 | Page 15

Tip # 1

Not every sport or form of exercise requires each component of physical conditioning in equal proportion, if at all. For example the training programs of a sprinter differ significantly from those of a long-distance runner.

Tip # 2

Creating a training program with the help of a strength and conditioning specialist can optimize performance and minimize the chance of injury. Specialists evaluate athletes and their current level of fitness, strength, and endurance and design the program based on the athlete’s specific needs.

Tip # 3

Conditioning programs should involve cross-training— using various sports or exercises to improve overall performance. Cross-training creates different physical stresses on the athlete's body than those associated with the athlete's usual routine, improving the athlete's overall performance and also decreasing the risk of suffering an overuse injury.

Tip # 4

Athletes should also consider adding exercise or resistance programs that differ from their normal routines. This variability not only can improve strength, power, agility, or other fitness areas they might lack, but also can decrease the repetitive stress they apply to the one or two body parts that their maintenance program applies. For example swimmers would benefit from going on long runs once a week.

Tip # 5

Before starting any exercise or fitness program, athletes should consult with their medical doctor or a sports medicine physician. School or team athletes often undergo pre-participation physicals where any concerns can be addressed. Athletes recovering from surgery or an injury should ask the treating physician or physical therapist how to safely work back into sports. Anyone with an underlying medical condition should always make sure that it does not pose too high a risk with a certain exercise program.