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The Need for Increased Melanoma Awareness among Non-dermatology Secondary Care Colleagues
Catherine QUINLAN 1 , Stephen MCCRACKEN 2 , Emma TIERNEY 1 , Cynthia HEFFRON 2,3 , James FITZGIBBON 2,3 , Conleth
MURPHY 2,4 , John F. BOURKE 1,2 and Michelle MURPHY 1,2
Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Old Blackrock Road, 2 School of Medicine, University College,
Department of Histopathology, Cork University Hospital, and 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland. E-mail:
[email protected]
1
3
Accepted Mar 21, 2019; E-published Mar 21, 2019
The incidence of melanoma is increasing and is projected
to continue to do so (1). In Ireland, 20 people per 100,000
of the population develop invasive melanoma every year
and 159 die from it (2).
Despite improvements in early detection (3), the num-
ber of deep poor prognosis melanomas remains high (4).
Older age, male sex (5), living alone and lower education
level (6), have been identified as factors associated with
thick melanomas. There has been much focus on the role
of general practitioners in melanoma screening strategies.
However, the role of non-dermatology hospital services
in detecting melanoma has been poorly explored. The aim
of this project was to determine if an opportunity exists
for detection of melanoma in secondary care facilities.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ethical approval was obtained from the Cork Research Ethics
Committee.
A retrospective case review was conducted at 5 hospitals across
the region. The pathology database at Cork University Hospital
(CUH), which processes histology samples from all 5 hospitals,
was searched. The inclusion criteria were patients with a Cork/
Kerry address, diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma ≥ 1
mm Breslow depth, between January 2013 and December 2014.
Each clinical site was visited and hospital utilization data for each
patient at each of the 5 clinical sites was collected.
There were 106 patients included in the study; 51 men (48%) and
55 women (52%). The mean age was 63 years at time of diagnosis.
RESULS
The median Breslow depth was 2.3 mm with a range from
1.0 mm to 41 mm. Twenty-three (22%) were > 5 mm
Breslow depth at time of diagnosis. Sixty-seven percent
(n = 71) of patients were seen in secondary care in the 5
years prior to their diagnosis of melanoma. There were
a total of 901 healthcare interactions. The majority of
these interactions were in the outpatient setting (57.5%).
However, almost one third (31%) had an inpatient admis-
sion in the 5 years prior to diagnosis with a mean length
of stay of 6 days.
Forty-five patients (42.5%) were seen in secondary
care in the year prior to diagnosis. Results are illustrated
in Fig. 1. There were a total of 214 healthcare interac-
tions. Thirty-five percent (n = 37) were seen in outpatient
clinics and 10.4% (n = 11) had an inpatient admission.
The median Breslow depth in this group was 2.5 mm.
SHORT COMMUNICATION
40 Inpatient admissions
35 ED visits
Day Case admissions
30 Outpatient visits
25
20
15
11 patients
11 patients
13 patients
10
5
0
1 year prior
Fig. 1. Secondary care interactions in the year prior to melanoma
diagnosis. (ED=Emergency Department).
Forty percent (n = 18) of these patients had melanomas
located on the head and neck.
Head and neck was the most common anatomical
location (n =32) followed by lower limb (n =30), upper
limb (n =22) and trunk (n =22). Of the 32 patients with
a head and neck melanoma, 18 (56%) had been seen in
secondary care in the year prior to their diagnosis.
In terms of histological subtype, the majority were
superficial spreading type (n =48) followed by nodular
(n =30), lentigo maligna (n =18), other (n =6) and acral
lentiginous (n =4).
The specialties with the most patient interactions in
the year prior to diagnosis were ophthalmology, ortho-
paedics, and emergency medicine.
DISCUSSION
This study has identified that patients with thick me-
lanomas are being seen in hospital in the year prior to
their diagnosis. Research on the use of health services
in the year prior to diagnosis of melanoma have found
similar results (7, 8), but these studies did not isolate for
interactions in secondary care. Outpatient visits contri-
buted to the majority of healthcare interactions in our
study. While there may be limited opportunity for full
skin examination in an outpatient setting, studies have
shown that even opportunistic partial skin examinations
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license. www.medicaljournals.se/acta
Journal Compilation © 2019 Acta Dermato-Venereologica.
37 patients
doi: 10.2340/00015555-3180
Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99: 693–694