Aerospace
Aerospace is made up of a blend of legacy and futurefacing technology. Today’ s innovation is not just on electric or hydrogen-powered aircraft, but also on making current combustion engines cleaner and more efficient.
Thermal management is a key area of focus here. Compact aluminium heat exchangers rely on etched aluminium flow plates used in aircraft engines to manage cooling airflow with higher efficiency. These plates, with their intricate channel designs, are evolving into fuel cell bipolar plates in hydrogen systems.
They’ re not speculative, they’ ve been in the market for over a decade, but evolving manufacturing capabilities are helping to revisit and optimise them for the next generation.
Hydrogen and electric
The conversation continues with on-land vehicles too. Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel systems are often seen as competitors, but the reality is more complementary, particularly when you zoom out and look at where each is most viable.
Behind both are systems built around connectivity— not of data, but of energy. Battery packs, fuel cells and heat exchangers all rely on etched components such as busbars, bipolar plates and printed circuit heat exchangers to enable power delivery and thermal management.
In hydrogen, this might involve supplying plates for electrolysers that generate hydrogen, or the heat exchanger flow plates that help compress and dispense it into a truck. The same principles apply inside the vehicle itself, whether that’ s a hydrogenpowered lorry or a new-generation aircraft using fuel cell systems.
What’ s interesting is how naturally this transition follows on from existing capabilities. Etching has long played a role in combustion-era automotive manufacturing, from injector components to underthe-hood systems. Now, the same process is enabling fuel cells, EV battery connections and the entire hydrogen ecosystem.
And unlike combustion, where the goal was incremental efficiency, the stakes here are existential. Hydrogen isn’ t a side story, it’ s a key piece of the energy transition puzzle.
Wondering why this might be the case? Well, the European International Council on Clean Transportation( ICCT) highlights that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could soon outperform EVs in emissions reduction, provided they run on renewable hydrogen.
The study suggests FCEVs could emit 79 per cent fewer emissions than internal combustion engine vehicles over their lifetime, which is slightly better than battery EVs using renewable electricity.
That said, this doesn’ t mean hydrogen will replace battery-electric vehicles across the board. It’ s likely we’ ll see a combination of the two. EVs dominate the passenger car market, while hydrogen is gaining real traction in heavy-duty transport, long-haul logistics and commercial fleets.
Autonomous vehicles
That crossover is part of a broader trend in autonomous vehicles. For example, in the US, etched copper bus bars are being used in the battery packs of autonomous robo-taxis. As for the UK, a fuller rollout of self-driving taxis will come after the Automated Vehicles Act fully takes effect in late 2027.
These packs sit under the passenger seat, with rows of AA-sized cells connected by precisely engineered bus bars featuring break points that isolate failures and prevent full-pack shutdown.
It’ s a classic pre-series development setup, with thousands of parts produced in moderate volumes, all within tight turnaround windows and changing specs. Chemical etching shines here, offering speed, precision and flexibility. While these vehicles may move to high-volume stamping processes later, etching helps in the early stages where design isn’ t yet locked.
And there’ s a wider trend to acknowledge, the technology used in an autonomous vehicle’ s battery is structurally similar to that used in satellites. The context shifts, but the engineering need remains constant to connect, conduct and control power. Yet, unlike in space, the development volumes are still in the thousands before higher production methods take over.
AUTOMATION, CONTROL & ENGINEERING 5