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c. may increase or decrease paid-in capital in excess of par but
does not change total stockholders' equity.

d. increases retained earnings and increases total stockholders'
equity.

57. Quirk Corporation issued a 100% stock dividend of its
common stock which had a par value of $10 before and after the
dividend. At what amount should retained earnings be
capitalized for the additional shares issued?

a. There should be no ca pitalization of retained earnings.