1
Operational Data Portal , Ukraine Refugee Situation , United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , https :// data2 . unhcr . org / en / situations / ukraine
2
“ Number of displaced children reaches new high of 43.3 million ,” UNICEF , June 13 , 2023 , https :// www . unicef . org / press-releases / number-displaced-children-reaches-new-high-433-million
3
Children of War homepage , https :// childrenofwar . gov . ua / en /
4
Svetlana Osipova ,“ Unlawful Transfer : Inside The Russian System To Take Ukraine ’ s Children ,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty , June 1 , 2023 , https :// www . rferl . org / a / inside-russian-system-taking-ukraine-children / 32437567 . html
5
Svetlana Osipova , “ Children of war . Russia easily recognizes Ukrainian children as orphans and reluctantly returns them to their homeland — Sistema investigation ,” Current Time TV , June 1 , 2023 , https :// www . currenttime . tv / a / deti-systema / 32438220 . html
6
“ Russia ’ s Systematic Program for the Re-Education & Adoption of Ukraine ’ s Children ,” Yale School of Public Health Humanitarian Research Lab , February 14 , 2023 , https :// hub . conflictobservatory . org / portal / apps / sites /#/ home / pages / children-camps-1
7
“ UNGA 2019 Resolution on the Rights of the Child ,” Save the Children , p . 8 , 2019 , https :// resourcecentre . savethechildren . net / document / unga-2019-resolution-rights-child /#
8
“ Commissioner Johansson ’ s speech on the developing situation regarding refugees as a consequence of Russian aggression against Ukraine ,” European Commission , March 8 , 2022 , https :// ec . europa . eu / commission / presscorner / detail / en / speech _ 22 _ 8044
9
“ 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report : Ukraine ,” U . S . Department of State , 2022 , https :// www . state . gov / reports / 2022- trafficking-in-persons-report / ukraine /
10
Eric Mathews , Eric Rosenthal , Laurie Ahern , et al ., “ No Way Home , The Exploitation and Abuse of Children in Ukraine ’ s Orphanages ,” Disability Rights International , p . 4 , 2015 , https :// gdc . unicef . org / resource / no-way-home-exploitation-and-abuse-childrenukraines-orphanages
11
Ibid ., p . 8 .
12
“ Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports ,” U . S . Department of Labor , https :// www . dol . gov / agencies / ilab / resources / reports / child-labor / ukraine ; See the full report for more information : “ 2020 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor ,” U . S . Department of Labor , 2020 , https :// www . dol . gov / sites / dolgov / files / ILAB / child _ labor _ reports / tda2020 / 2020 _ TDA _ BigBook _ Online _ optimized . pdf
13
Mark Townsend , “ Sex trafficking trade forces women from Odessa to massage parlours in Britain ,” The Guardian , July 2 , 2011 , https :// www . theguardian . com / law / 2011 / jul / 02 / odessa-ukraine-sex-trafficking-investigation
14
Jack Losh , “ Ukrainian teacher accused of trying to sell student to organ harvesters ,” The Telegraph , November 22 , 2016 , https :// www . telegraph . co . uk / news / 2016 / 11 / 22 / ukrainian-teacher-accused-trying-sell-student-organ-harvesters /
15
“’ See a child begging ? Call the police !’ UN Migration Agency Calls on Ukrainians to Fight Child Exploitation ,” International Organization for Migration , May 22 , 2018 , https :// www . iom . int / news / see-child-begging-call-police-un-migration-agency-calls-ukrainiansfight-child-exploitation
16
Eric Mathews , Eric Rosenthal , Laurie Ahern , et . al ., “ No Way Home , The Exploitation and Abuse of Children in Ukraine ’ s Orphanages ,” Disability Rights International , p . 6 , 2015 , https :// gdc . unicef . org / resource / no-way-home-exploitation-and-abusechildren-ukraines-orphanages
17
“ Trafficking in Persons Report 2018 ,” U . S . Department of State , p . 33 , 2018 , https :// www . state . gov / wp-content / uploads / 2019 / 01 / 282798 . pdf
18
“ 2020 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor ,” U . S . Department of Labor , 2020 , https :// www . dol . gov / sites / dolgov / files / ILAB / child _ labor _ reports / tda2020 / 2020 _ TDA _ BigBook _ Online _ optimized . pdf
19
“ United Nations Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children ,” Save the Children , 2010 , https :// resourcecentre . save thechildren . net / document / united-nations-guidelines-alternative-care-children /
20
Laurie Ahern , “ Ukraine Orphanages Feeder for Child Trafficking ,” HuffPost , June 2 , 2015 , https :// www . huffpost . com / entry / ukraine-orphanages-feeder _ b _ 7344882
21
For a list of institution-related trafficking risk indicators , please refer to : Jonathan Dupont , “ Institutions-Related Trafficking : Ukrainian Children at Risk ,” ACAMS Today Europe 2022 , June 6 , 2022 , https :// www . acamstoday . org / institution-related-trafficking-ukranian-children-at-risk /
22
Ibid .
ACAMS Today September – November 2023 117