ACAMS Today Magazine (March-May 2011) Vol. 10 No. 2 | Page 62

AML POLICY Napoleon’s legacy: How 19th century thinking skews AML in the 21st century Editor’s note: This article is the first in a series that examines how banks can better assess geographical risk. Both at client take-on and in transaction monitoring, geography plays a key role in helping banks carry out their risk-based approach to AML compliance. The first article looks at how banks determine which countries to risk rate. I n 1815, after nearly a quarter century of constant war, Napoleon was close to defeat and Europe lay shattered. Austria, France, Russia and the United Kingdom, the major powers at the time, met in the Austrian capital to reassemble a broken continent. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe — shuffling duchies and principalities between countries until it achieved a weak balance among competing interests. In the end, a political system emerged containing 39 sovereign states, and many more nobles seeking to upg