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Mainstream Medical Treatment
After the diagnosis of diabetes, modern mainstream medical treatment consists of
either oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.
• Oral hypoglycemic agents
In 1955, oral hypoglycemic drugs were introduced. Currently available oral
hypoglycemic agents fall into five classifications according to their biophysical mode
of action. These classes are: biguanides; glucosidase inhibitors; meglitinides;
sulphonylureas; and thiazolidinediones.
The biguanides lower blood sugar in three ways. They inhibit the liver’s normal
release of its glucose stores, they interfere with intestinal absorption of glucose from
ingested carbohydrates, and they are said to increase peripheral uptake of glucose.
The glucosidase inhibitors are designed to inhibit the amylase enzymes produced by
the pancreas and which are essential to the digestion of carbohydrates. The theory
is that if the digestion of carbohydrates is inhibited, the blood sugar level cannot be
elevated.
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• Insulin
Today, insulin is prescribed for both the Type I and Type II diabetics. Injectable
insulin substitutes for the insulin that the body no long