21st. CENTURY EDUCATION-"TEACHERS OUT, LEARNERS IN" TEACHERS OUT LEARNERS IN BOOKLET | Page 83

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Learning Through Argumentation
 Teachers can spark meaningful discussion in
classrooms by encouraging students to ask
open-ended questions, re-state remarks in
more scientific language, and develop and use
models to construct explanations. When
students argue in scientific ways, they learn
how to take turns, listen actively, respond
constructively
to
others.
Professional
development can help teachers to learn these
strategies and overcome challenges, such as
how to share their intellectual expertise with
students appropriately.