3.0 RACIAL PROFILING VERSUS REASONABLE SUSPICION
3.1 UNIT GOAL : The st udent w ill be able t o ident ify t he elem ent s of bot h inappropriat e and appropriat e t raffic st ops .
3.1.1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE : The st udent w ill be able t o ident ify elem ent s of a racially m ot ivat ed t raffic st op .
A . Most race-based complaints come from vehicle stops , often since race is used as an inappropriate substitute for drug courier profile elements
B . " DWB " ? " Driving While Black " ? a nickname for the public perception that a Black person may be stopped solely because of their race ( especially with the suspicion that they are a drug courier ), often extended to other minority groups or activities as well (" Driving While Brown ," " Flying While Black ," etc .)
C . A typical traffic stop resulting from racial profiling
1 . The vehicle is stopped on the basis of a minor or contrived traffic violation which is used as a pretext for closer inspection of the vehicle , driver , and passengers
2 . The driver and passengers are questioned about things that do not relate to the traffic violation 3 . The driver and passengers are ordered out of the vehicle 4 . The officers visually check all observable parts of the vehicle
5 . The officers proceed on the assumption that drug courier work is involved by detaining the driver and passengers by the roadside
6 . The driver is asked to consent to a vehicle search ? if the driver refuses , the officers use other procedures ( waiting on a canine unit , criminal record checks , license-plate checks , etc .), and intimidate the driver ( with the threat of detaining him / her , obtaining a warrant , etc .)
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