Forage production tips
A productive forage crop requires careful planning . Consider the following preparation , seeding , in-crop and harvesting factors .
Preparation
• Soil : Identify soil type and consider the impact of soil factors like flooding , drainage , pH , texture and salinity that may affect establishment , productivity or species / variety selection .
• Weeds : Control winter annual , biennial and perennial weeds like Canada thistle , quackgrass , white cockle and scentless chamomile in the two years prior to planting a forage crop . Pre-harvest glyphosate applications are useful .
• Previous crop : Excess trash can cause challenges with forage establishment . Consider this in the fall prior to a spring planting .
• Herbicide residues : Ensure no residual herbicides have been applied prior to planting a forage crop .
• End use : Is the forage crop intended for pasture , hay or both ? What is the intended season of use of the forage ?
• Livestock : Is the forage crop intended for dairy , beef , horses or other livestock ?
• Fertility : Productive forage stands have high nutrient demands . In hay crops , much of the nutrients the crop takes up are removed from the field as the hay is hauled off . Consider soil test levels , yield projections , forage mix makeup and timing of application when developing a fertility plan . Soil tests are good indicators of macro and micronutrient levels , and the need to apply supplemental fertilizer .
Seeding
Timing options
• Early Spring : Excellent moisture and cool temperatures are good for establishment . There is limited opportunity for pre-seeding weed control and frost can be a hazard .
• Late Spring - Early Summer : Moisture conditions may still be good and temperatures warmer . This timing allows for pre-seed weed control .
• Fall dormant seeding : Seeds germinate the following spring when moisture is good and temperatures are cool . Frost damage may occur in spring .
Depth
• Forage seed is generally small and therefore has little food reserves to support emergence . Forages should be seeded no deeper than one-half inch to three-quarter inches deep into a firm seedbed . A firm seedbed is necessary for good seed to soil contact . Broadcasted seed should be incorporated shallowly and packed accordingly .
Seed Rates
• Alfalfa and Master Blends : Aim for 10 lbs / ac in direct seeded situations and 15 lbs / ac if the forage seed is broadcasted and incorporated .
• Individual grass species : Consult your local Nutrien Ag Solutions representative .
In-crop
• Herbicide options are limited in forages , particularly in mixes . Refer to herbicide labels for safe use and consult with your Nutrien Ag Solutions representative on herbicides for weed control in seedling and established forages .
Harvest
• Apply management principles based on production goals . Decisions will vary based on livestock type and number , grazing method and intensity , cutting frequency and method , plant and animal production potential , and forage quality and quantity required . For advice on specific situations , please contact your local Nutrien Ag Solutions rep , Proven seed rep , or the Forages Help Desk at 1.800.661.3334 .
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