2019 Korean History and Cultural Seminar for Educators - Handbook 2019 NKS Handbook-0617 | Page 28

. Cultural treasures such as Tripitaka lost
. King sued for peace with Mongols in 1270 and returned capital to Gaeseong
Goryeo and Mongol Empire
. Goryeo became “son-in-law” kingdom
. Goryeo elites sought ties with Mongols
. Many foreigners in Goryeo from queen dowager/crown princess down
. Goryeo kings made visits to Mongol court
. Goryeo participated in 1274 and 1281 expeditions against Japan
. Heavy tribute demands by Mongols
Joseon (1392-1910)
. YI Seonggye (King Taejo, r. 1392-1398) established Joseon
. Gave Dynastic Foundation Merit Subject titles to loyal supporters
King Sejong the Great (r. 1418-1450)
. Appointed top scholars to the Hall of Worthies
. Phonetic Korean script (invented1443, promulgated 1446)
. Print culture including moveable metal print (invented 1234, predating the Gutenberg Bible of 1454)
. Histories, gazettes, geographies compiled
. Development of astronomy, geography, technology
Creation of Hangeul
. Korean alphabet (1443/1446)
. Can be learned “in one morning”
. Hunmin jeongeum: “proper sounds to instruct the people”
. Moral education of the populace
. Various publications: Ex.Songs of Flying Dragons; Episodes from the Life of Buddha
. Agricultural and military books
Publication of Hanmun Books
. Pragmatic scholarship – Confucian perspective
. Historical documents
- Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (1413-1910)
- Precious Mirror for Succeeding Reigns
- History of Goryeo (1451)
- Essentials of Goryeo History (1452)
- Comprehensive Mirror of the Eastern Kingdom (1485)
. Gazetteers and geographies
- Geographical Description of the Eight Provinces (1432)
- Augmented Survey of the Geography of Korea (1481 and 1531)
. Manuals
- Exemplar for Efficient Government (1441)
- Five Rites of State (1474)
- Conduct of the Three Bonds (1432)
. Agricultural books
- Straight Talk on Farming (1430)
- Geumyang jamnok (by GANG Heuimaeng)
Advances in astronomy and meteorology
. Agricultural purposes

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