REPUBLIC BY STATISTICS
Mustafa Kemal invites Ismet Pasha to the governmental
house in Çankaya a day after the proclamation of the
Republic in 1923 and says;
“We have been left with underdeveloped, patient
country under big amount of dept burden. We have a poor
rural country! Look. Evereywhere is ruined, destroyed.
Happiness and prosperity are almost impossible for the
nation. Our people are extremely poor!”
It is hard to find teachers, doctors, veterinery, lawyers,
army officers, engineers, economists, qualified farmers.
Besides this, it is even impossible to find stoneworkers
(duvarcı), carpenters, tailors, drivers, horseshoers
(nalbant).
We will try to give you some statistics about the first
decades of the Republic with our middle school and high
school students.
As of 1923,
80% of the population lives in rural areas.
11 millions people live in 40.000 villages.
However, no schools, roads, post offices and shops in
37.000 villages.
2% of them is literate
Around 1,5 millions live in urban areas.
7% of these people.is literate
Literacy among women: 0.4%.
Total number of Primary Schools in Turkey: 4770
Total no.of Students: 337.618
Middle School: 72 (with 5905 students, girls 543)
High School: 23 (with 1241 students, girls 230)
82% of the population is farmer.
But, farming is done with primitive techniques.
Farming Engineers are so scarce in the counrty, either.
No of industrial facilities all over the country: 282
Only 15% is domestic.
Around 5-6 big factories left from Ottoman Empire.
Only big cities have electricity.
Typhus, tuberculosis, malaria, plague are widespread
especially in rural areas.
Rate of baby mortality is more than 60%
No of doctors in Turkey: 337 (30.000 patients per doctor)
Medical Officers: 334
Pharmacist: 60
Midwife (Ebe) who has diploma: 136 in 40.000 villages.
No of Millet Mektebi (schools to increase literacy among
people) opened in 1928: 54.050
No of trainees in these schools between 1929 and 1934:
1.124.926
80
THE CLAPPER 2015 - 2016
Literacy rate rises from 8% to 19.2%, 7 years after the
Alphabet Revolution.
No of primary schools incresed from 4894 to 6112
(25%), between 1924 and 1936,
And to 15.009 in 1946.
40 Girl’s Institutes were opened during Atatürk era.
Student increase rate is 114 %.
No of doctors in 1928: 1078 (337 in 1923)
Medical Officers: 1059 (434 in 1923)
Midwife (Ebe): 337 (136 in 1923)
1960 statistics:
Doctors: 9826
Nurses: 2420
Midwifes: 3126
No of Kızılay Medical Centers in 1922: 22
No of Kızılay Medical Centers in 1932: 339
(To overcome malaria, sıtma and tuberculosis)
Plague is not widespread anymore in 1932.
Cotton production: 1920 20.000 tones
1927 120.000 tones
Wheat Production: 1923 972 tones
1939 3636 tones
Growth rate in agriculture at that period is: 8.9%
No of sheeps in 1923: 15 million
Increases to 23 millions between 1923 and 1929.
No of livestock (cattle): 4 millions in 1923
Increases to 9 millions till 1929.
28 big factories established between 1926-1938
More than 1000 factories established during Atatürk’s
era.
Growth rate in industrial production is 152%