Digital Transformation in Practice : Learning from IIC Deployments
which combinations of assets can be linked to form the required supply chain for a given target product 7 .
Technology : The standards OPC UA , AAS , AML and OGC SensorThings API are used in Smart Factory Web . These provide the basis for several supporting technologies such as the generation of OPC UA servers from AML descriptions or the import of asset descriptions from AAS . From a strategic perspective , these standards protect investments in IT systems , enable new technologies to emerge and evolve in an open system of systems and eliminate vendor lock-in . A digital transformation can be implemented step by step , thus greatly reducing the risk of failure and allowing important requirements to be recognized following experience in the first phases .
Trustworthiness : The trusted connector of the International Data Spaces association ( IDS ) is applied to ensure that any data transferred between a factory and Smart Factory Web is subject to defined access and usage constraints . This is an essential requirement to gain acceptance for digital transformation involving critical factory data or process information .
Digital twin : An AAS of an asset can be imported into Smart Factory Web to register the asset on Smart Factory Web . This AAS contains the description of the asset capabilities and key data variables and is , in this sense , a digital twin of the asset .
Human-machine interface : Intelligent web-based data importers allow a user to map their asset data on to the concepts in Smart Factory Web in a controlled way .
Data sharing : Asset and supply chain data can be used in a controlled way .
IIoT : Sensors with additional data relevant to the production in a factory or the execution of an entire supply chain can be integrated in Smart Factory Web with the aid of standards such as OGC SensorThings API . This can be done independently of the manufacturing execution systems ( MES ) and enterprise resource planning ( ERP ) systems .
Servitization : Smart Factory Web enables supporting services , such as whether the product specifications can be achieved ( a manufacturability check ) and assessment of supply chain risks . Again , the standardized IT interfaces are a key enabler for new services .
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Usländer , T .; Schöppenthau , F .; Schnebel , B .; Heymann , S .; Stojanovic , L .; Watson , K .; Nam , S .; Morinaga , S . Smart Factory Web — A Blueprint Architecture for Open Marketplaces for Industrial Production . Appl . Sci . 2021 , 11 , 6585 .
https :// doi . org / 10.3390 / app11146585
IIC Journal of Innovation 55