13th European Conference on eGovernment – ECEG 2013 1 | Page 626

Kamalia Azma Kamaruddin, Ariza Nordin and Nor Laila Md Noor
Table 1: Classification of T‐government characteristics
Domain
No
Characteristics of T‐Government
Author
1
Effective management within government
( Dais et. al 2012)
2
Collaborative services and business operations
( Saha 2010)
3
Public sector governance
( Saha 2010)
4
Networked organizational model
( Saha 2010)
5
Government as convener of multiple sources of citizen service
( J. Borras 2012)
6
Increased trust and accountability
( Al Khouri 2011)
7
Collaboration among departments and stake holders
( Al Khouri 2011)
Organizational
8
Avoid duplication and overhead
( Al Khouri 2011)
9
Track effectiveness of initiatives
( Al Khouri 2011)
10
Networked government
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
11
Entrepreneurial government
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
12
Decentralization
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
13
Agility
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
14
The elimination of bureaucracy
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
15
New ways of working( process reengineering cross agency integration)
( Reinwald and Kraemmergaard
2012)
16
Reengineering back office processes and IT systems
( Dwivedi and Janssen 2011)
1
Common infrastructure and interoperability
( Saha 2010)
2
A virtual business layer
( J. Borras 2012)
3
Multi‐channel service integration
( J. Borras 2012)
Technological
4
IT as a service
( J. Borras 2012)
5
A single point of contact( integrated databases)
( Reinwald and Kraemmergaard
2012)
6
Adoption of social tools
( Osimo 2010)
1
Citizen‐centric delivery
( Dais et. al 2012)
2
Citizen‐centricity
( Saha 2010)
3
Social inclusion
( Saha 2010)
4
Transparent and open government
( Saha 2010)
5
Citizen‐centric
( J. Borras 2012)
6
Demand pull
( J. Borras 2012)
7
Identity is owned and managed by citizen
( J. Borras 2012)
8
Public data available freely for reuse by all
( J. Borras 2012)
9
Citizen as owner and co‐creator of services
( J. Borras 2012)
User
10
11
Brand‐led
Improved transparency, consistent user interface and convenience channels
( J. Borras 2012)
( Al Khouri 2011)
12
Increase responsiveness and security
( Al Khouri 2011)
13
Opportunities for businesses to provide inputs
( Al Khouri 2011)
14
Participatory democracy
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
15
Greater transparency
( Bannister and Connolly 2011)
16
eParticipation
( Osimo 2010)
17
Open Government
( Osimo 2010)
18
Citizens‐driven services
( Osimo 2010)
Our model proposes four constructs that must exist in any citizen‐centric transformational government. They are transparency and openness; citizen‐driven services; participatory democracy; and co‐creation of value. We argue that it is a‘ citizen‐centric demand model’ because the characteristics are viewed from demand perspective, which takes the citizen’ s paradigm, and not from the supply side where government resides. It is also in accordance with suggestion by Millard( 2010), who emphasized that transformational government paradigm concentrates much more on the demand side, which address specific societal challenges. The constructs are discussed below:
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