13th European Conference on eGovernment – ECEG 2013 1 | Página 618

Ameneh Deljoo and Marijn Janssen

( Chan 2001). Another reason for showing difficulties to describe the underling is that, the rules of the system are changing over time which means that different agents behave according to different rules at different times.

Researchers have employed different inventions in explicating the theory of CAS. For instant,( Holland 1992) explained the properties and mechanisms of CAS through its seven basics: aggregation, flows, nonlinearity, diversity, tagging, internal models, and building‐blocks. Drazin and Sandelands( 1992) condensed the inner workings of CAS to three levels of structure: deep structure, elemental structure, and observed structures. In the deep structure looking in the details of system and in another level categorize the element of system. Finally, investigated the environment and how this system has relationship with environment. Although there is no universally agreed upon paradigm describing CAS( Gell‐Mann 1995), three components have been consistently recognized as the core of the theory: agents, interactions, and an environment. Janssen and Kuk( 2006) identified seven characteristic of CAS: Co‐evolution, Emergence, Sub optimal, Requisite Variety, Connectivity, Simple Rules, Self‐organizing, Edge of Chaos, Nested Systems. We are looking at the some basic properties common to CAS such as: nonlinearity, aggregation, diversity, flow and evolving. In figure 1 we have shown a simple visualization of agents, interaction between them and environment. In the Table 1 an overview of these Concepts of CAS are presented.

Figure 1: Visualize an agent, interaction and environment

In table 1 we are presenting an overview of agent, environment and interaction between them. As we show in table 1 each agent in the system has a specific attribute and behavior rules. In the network there are numerous relationships between the agents which make a flow of information. Finally, we assign this attribute to the PPSN. For example, each agent in the network has special attributes like name, model and organization name. They are connected to each other in the different level of organization environment with rules. CAS aims to facilitate the understanding of the relationships between organizational agents by describing the roles and relationships between agents and environment.

Table 1: Basic concepts of the theory of CAS Table 1 Basic Concepts of the theory of CAS

Environment

An area for agents to operate on and interact with each other

Landscape, social context, external environment

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